Background

Barley is one of the major cereal crops, which can provide a significant source of genes for stress tolerance due to its high diversity and adaptability. Metabolite traits are considered to be significant for adaptation of barley to heat stress.

Methods and results

In the present study, genetic relationships between 120 barley genotypes were determined with 50 simple sequence repeat (SSR) and 26 inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers under heat stress and non-stress conditions. Moreover, genetic diversity of barley accessions was investigated using the studied markers covering 7 chromosomes of barley.

Results

In general, 153 and 85 polymorphic alleles were detected for SSR and ISSR and number of the observed polymorphic allele varied between 2–9 and 2–6, with an average of 3.26 and 3.26 alleles per locus, respectively. Markers of Bmag0223, GBMS180/180, HVM7, ISSR22, ISSR25, and ISSR48 were the most informative due to their high polymorphism information content value demonstrating that putative techniques utilized in this research can be powerful and valuable tools in breeding program of barley. Association analysis was performed between 9 important traits and SSR and ISSR markers using four statistical models. The results revealed that the model containing both population structure (Q) and general similarity in genetic background arising from shared kinship (K) factors reduced false positive associations between markers and phenotypes.

Conclusions

According to the results, some of markers related to more than one trait under normal conditions (ISSR31-2, HVM62, and GBMS180/180) and heat stress conditions (ISSR20-5, EBmac635, HVM14, and ISSR37-3) were determined, which can be considered to be the most interesting candidates for further studies and simultaneously will provide a useful target for the future breeding programs, such as marker-assisted selection (MAS).

中文翻译：

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使用与初级和次级代谢物相关的 SSR 和 ISSR 标记在热应激条件下对大麦 (Hordeum vulgare L.) 进行关联分析、遗传多样性和种群结构

背景

大麦是主要的谷类作物之一，由于其高度的多样性和适应性，可以提供重要的抗逆基因来源。代谢物性状被认为对大麦适应热应激具有重要意义。

方法和结果

在本研究中，在热胁迫和非胁迫条件下，用 50 个简单序列重复 (SSR) 和 26 个简单序列重复 (ISSR) 标记确定了 120 个大麦基因型之间的遗传关系。此外，使用覆盖大麦7条染色体的研究标记调查了大麦种质的遗传多样性。

结果

一般来说，SSR 和 ISSR 检测到 153 和 85 个多态性等位基因，观察到的多态性等位基因数量在 2-9 和 2-6 之间变化，平均每个基因座分别有 3.26 和 3.26 个等位基因。Bmag0223、GBMS180/180、HVM7、ISSR22、ISSR25 和 ISSR48 的标记由于其高多态性信息内容价值而信息量最大，这表明本研究中使用的推定技术可以成为大麦育种计划中强大而有价值的工具。使用四种统计模型在 9 个重要性状与 SSR 和 ISSR 标记之间进行关联分析。结果表明，包含种群结构 (Q) 和由共享亲属关系 (K) 因素引起的遗传背景的一般相似性的模型减少了标记和表型之间的假阳性关联。

结论

根据结果​​，确定了在正常条件（ISSR31-2、HVM62和GBMS180/180）和热应激条件（ISSR20-5、EBmac635、HVM14和ISSR37-3）下与一种以上性状相关的一些标记，这可以被认为是进一步研究的最有趣的候选者，同时将为未来的育种计划提供有用的目标，例如标记辅助选择（MAS）。