Purpose

This study aims to explore the interface of competitive productivity (CP) levels in times of turbulence.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing from a sample of 507 Athenian holidaymakers, the study uses a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to examine the chaordic systems amongst perceived risks (social; destination; price; quality) in tourism purchasing intentions. It considers three grouping variables (age; monthly income; trip [domestic; overseas]). It further evaluates the effect sizes of those risks upon purchasing intentions by complementary using necessary condition analysis (NCA).

Findings

fsQCA revealed three sufficient configurations: price-quality nexus (micro); generated experience (meso) and perceived destination image (macro). NCA showcased that the effect size of the examined perceived risks is relatively low, while destination risks have the highest impact.

Research limitations/implications

Only a few studies use fsQCA and NCA in the field of tourism and hospitality studies thus, their full potential and implications of exploring the interface of tourism decision-making components with CP levels are still unexplored.

Originality/value

This is the first study examining the nonlinearity of risk-induced decision-making triggers of holidaymakers affected by the recession in line with the principles of CP. Its theoretical contribution lays in the exploration of the interface of CP and its three levels of application (micro [tourist], meso [firm/business], macro [destination]) in times of turbulence. Managerially, it strengthens the assumption that CP and customer loyalty are strongly associated even in times of turbulence when destinations and firms should make a strong point to maintain their competitive edge. Methodologically, the study highlights the value of fsQCA for identifying multiple pathways, a relatively new method in tourism. Furthermore, it introduces NCA, a new complementary method in tourism research.

中文翻译：

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经济衰退时期风险引起的竞争生产力：一个无序的旅游决策视角

目的

本研究旨在探索动荡时期竞争生产力 (CP) 水平的界面。

设计/方法/方法

该研究从 507 名雅典度假者的样本中提取，使用模糊集定性比较分析 (fsQCA) 来检查旅游购买意图中感知风险（社会；目的地；价格；质量）之间的混沌系统。它考虑了三个分组变量（年龄；月收入；旅行[国内；海外]）。它通过补充使用必要条件分析 (NCA) 来进一步评估这些风险对购买意愿的影响大小。

发现

fsQCA 揭示了三个足够的配置：价格质量关系（微）；生成的体验（中观）和感知的目的地图像（宏观）。NCA 展示了所检查的感知风险的影响大小相对较低，而目的地风险的影响最大。

研究限制/影响

只有少数研究在旅游和酒店研究领域使用 fsQCA 和 NCA，因此，它们在探索旅游决策组件与 CP 水平的接口方面的全部潜力和意义仍未得到探索。

原创性/价值

这是第一项符合 CP 原则的研究，研究了受经济衰退影响的度假者的风险诱发决策触发器的非线性。其理论贡献在于探索了 CP 的界面及其在动荡时期的三个应用层面（微观 [旅游]、中观 [企业/商业]、宏观 [目的地]）。在管理上，它强化了这样一种假设，即即使在目的地和公司应该强调保持竞争优势的动荡时期，CP 和客户忠诚度也密切相关。在方法论上，该研究强调了 fsQCA 在识别多个路径方面的价值，这是一种相对较新的旅游方法。此外，它介绍了NCA，一种新的旅游研究补充方法。