Patient-centered approaches to research design are particularly important for diseases with complex treatment decision-making, such as recurrent, high-grade non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). The objective of this article is to describe patient and public involvement (PPI) in designing a large, pragmatic observational trial and to articulate barriers, challenges, and lessons learned for future design.

中文翻译：

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患者和公众参与设计和实施一项大型、务实的观察性试验，以调查复发性、高风险非肌层浸润性膀胱癌


以患者为中心的研究设计方法对于治疗决策复杂的疾病尤其重要，例如复发性高级别非肌层浸润性膀胱癌 (NMIBC)。本文的目的是描述患者和公众参与设计大型、务实的观察性试验，并阐明未来设计的障碍、挑战和经验教训。