Angiogenic ocular diseases address the main source of vision impairment or irreversible vision loss. The angiogenesis process depends on the balance between the pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors. An imbalance between these factors leads to pathological conditions in the body. The vascular endothelial growth factor is the main cause of pathological conditions in the ocular region. Intravitreal injections of anti-angiogenic drugs are selective, safe, specific and revolutionized treatment for ocular angiogenesis. But intravitreal injections are invasive techniques with other severe complications. The area of targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptors progresses with novel approaches and therapeutically based hope for best clinical outcomes for patients through the developments in anti-angiogenic therapy. The present review article gathers prior knowledge about the vascular endothelial growth factor and associated receptors with other angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors involved in ocular angiogenesis. A focus on the brief mechanism of vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors in the treatment of ocular angiogenesis is elaborated. The review also covers various recent novel approaches available for ocular drug delivery by comprising a substantial amount of research works. Besides this, we have also discussed in detail the adoption of nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems in ocular angiogenesis by comprising literature having recent advancements. The clinical applications of nanotechnology in terms of ocular drug delivery, risk analysis and future perspectives relating to the treatment approaches for ocular angiogenesis have also been presented. The novel ocular drug delivery systems involving nanotechnologies are of great importance in the ophthalmological sector to overcome traditional treatments with many drawbacks. This article gives a detailed insight into the various approaches that are currently available to be a road map for future research in the field of ocular angiogenesis disease management.

中文翻译：

---

眼部药物递送系统和靶向 VEGF 受体用于管理眼部血管生成的最新进展：综合综述

血管源性眼病解决了视力障碍或不可逆视力丧失的主要来源。血管生成过程取决于促血管生成和抗血管生成因子之间的平衡。这些因素之间的不平衡会导致身体出现病理状况。血管内皮生长因子是眼部病变的主要原因。玻璃体内注射抗血管生成药物是选择性、安全、特异性和革命性的眼部血管生成治疗方法。但玻璃体内注射是具有其他严重并发症的侵入性技术。靶向血管内皮生长因子受体的领域随着新方法的发展以及基于治疗的希望通过抗血管生成疗法的发展为患者带来最佳临床结果。本综述文章收集了有关血管内皮生长因子和相关受体与眼部血管生成中涉及的其他血管生成和抗血管生成因子的先验知识。重点阐述了血管内皮生长因子抑制剂在治疗眼部血管生成中的简要机制。该评论还涵盖了可用于眼部药物递送的各种最新新方法，其中包括大量研究工作。除此之外，我们还通过包含具有最新进展的文献详细讨论了在眼部血管生成中采用基于纳米技术的药物递送系统。纳米技术在眼部给药方面的临床应用，还介绍了与眼部血管生成治疗方法相关的风险分析和未来前景。涉及纳米技术的新型眼部药物递送系统在眼科领域具有重要意义，可以克服具有许多缺点的传统治疗方法。本文详细介绍了目前可用作眼部血管生成疾病管理领域未来研究路线图的各种方法。