Patients with mental disorders have an increased risk of developing somatic disorders, just as they have a higher risk of dying from them. These patients often report feeling devaluated and rejected by health professionals in the somatic health care system, and increasing evidence shows that disparities in health care provision contribute to poor health outcomes. The aim of this review was to map and synthesize literature on somatic health professionals’ stigmatization toward patients with mental disorders. We conducted a scoping review using Arksey and O’Malley’s framework and carried out a systematic search in three databases: Cinahl, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO in May–June 2019. Peer-reviewed articles published in English or Scandinavian languages during 2008–2019 were reviewed according to title, abstract and full-text reading. We organized and analyzed data using NVivo. A total of 137 articles meeting the eligibility criteria were reviewed and categorized as observational studies (n = 73) and intervention studies (n = 64). A majority of studies (N = 85) focused on patients with an unspecified number of mental disorders, while 52 studies focused on specific diagnoses, primarily schizophrenia (n = 13), self-harm (n = 13), and eating disorders (n = 9). Half of the studies focused on health students (n = 64), primarily nursing students (n = 26) and medical students (n = 25), while (n = 66) focused on health care professionals, primarily emergency staff (n = 16) and general practitioners (n = 13). Additionally, seven studies focused on both health professionals and students. A detailed characterization of the identified intervention studies was conducted, resulting in eight main types of interventions. The large number of studies identified in this review suggests that stigmatizing attitudes and behaviors toward patients with mental disorders is a worldwide challenge within a somatic health care setting. For more targeted interventions, there is a need for further research on underexposed mental diagnoses and knowledge on whether specific health professionals have a more stigmatizing attitude or behavior toward specific mental disorders.

中文翻译：

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躯体保健专业人员对精神障碍患者的污名化：范围界定审查

精神障碍患者患躯体障碍的风险更高，就像他们死于躯体疾病的风险更高一样。这些患者经常报告说感觉被躯体保健系统中的卫生专业人员贬低和拒绝，越来越多的证据表明，医疗保健提供的差异导致了不良的健康结果。本综述的目的是绘制和综合关于躯体健康专业人员对精神障碍患者的污名化的文献。我们使用 Arksey 和 O'Malley 的框架进行了范围审查，并于 2019 年 5 月至 6 月在三个数据库中进行了系统搜索：Cinahl、MEDLINE 和 PsycINFO。对 2008 年至 2019 年期间以英语或斯堪的纳维亚语言发表的同行评审文章进行了审查按标题、摘要和全文阅读。我们使用 NVivo 组织和分析数据。共审查了 137 篇符合资格标准的文章，并将其归类为观察性研究（n = 73）和干预研究（n = 64）。大多数研究 (N = 85) 集中于患有未指明数量的精神障碍患者，而 52 项研究集中于特定诊断，主要是精神分裂症 (n = 13)、自残 (n = 13) 和饮食失调 (n = 9）。一半的研究侧重于健康专业的学生 (n = 64)，主要是护理学生 (n = 26) 和医学生 (n = 25)，而 (n = 66) 则侧重于医疗保健专业人员，主要是急救人员 (n = 16) ) 和全科医生 (n = 13)。此外，七项研究同时关注卫生专业人员和学生。对已确定的干预研究进行了详细描述，导致了八种主要类型的干预措施。本综述中确定的大量研究表明，对精神障碍患者的污名化态度和行为是躯体保健环境中的全球性挑战。对于更有针对性的干预措施，需要进一步研究暴露不足的精神诊断，并了解特定卫生专业人员是否对特定精神障碍有更多的污名化态度或行为。