Introduction: Vesicovaginal fistula is a devastating condition often occurring as a complication of surgery or radiotherapy in women. Complex vesicovaginal fistula represents a challenge for repair. It includes fistulas ≥2.5 cm in size, with previous failed attempts at repair, postradiotherapy, involving the bladder trigone, with associated ureteral strictures, or other types of fistulas.¹

中文翻译：

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膀胱阴道瘘的机器人修复：复杂场景的分步技术

简介：膀胱阴道瘘是一种破坏性疾病，通常是女性手术或放疗的并发症。复杂的膀胱阴道瘘是修复的挑战。它包括大小 ≥ 2.5 cm 的瘘管，先前尝试修复失败、放疗后、涉及膀胱三角区、相关的输尿管狭窄或其他类型的瘘管。¹