In response to the clearing of tropical forests for agricultural expansion, agri-food companies have adopted promises to eliminate deforestation from their supply chains in the form of ‘zero-deforestation commitments’ (ZDCs). While there is growing evidence about the environmental effectiveness of these commitments (i.e., whether they meet their conservation goals), there is little information on how they influence producers’ opportunity to access sustainable markets and related livelihood outcomes, or how design and implementation choices influence tradeoffs or potential synergies between effectiveness and equity in access. This paper explores these research gaps and makes three main contributions by: i) defining and justifying the importance of analyzing access equity and its relation to effectiveness when implementing forest-focused supply chain policies such as ZDCs, ii) identifying seven policy design principles that are likely to maximize synergies between effectiveness and access equity, and iii) assessing effectiveness-access equity tensions and synergies across common ZDC implementation mechanisms amongst the five largest firms in each of the leading agricultural forest-risk commodity sectors: palm oil, soybeans, beef cattle, and cocoa. To enhance forest conservation while avoiding harm to the most vulnerable farmers in the tropics, it is necessary to combine stringent rules with widespread capacity building, greater involvement of affected actors in the co-production of implementation mechanisms, and support for alternative rural development paths.

为了应对为农业扩张而砍伐热带森林，农业食品公司以“零砍伐森林承诺”（ZDC）的形式承诺从其供应链中消除森林砍伐。虽然越来越多的证据表明这些承诺的环境有效性（即它们是否实现了保护目标），但关于它们如何影响生产者进入可持续市场和相关生计成果的机会，或设计和实施选择如何影响的信息很少获取的有效性和公平性之间的权衡或潜在的协同作用。本文探讨了这些研究空白，并通过以下三个主要贡献：i) 在实施以森林为重点的供应链政策（例如 ZDC）时，定义和证明分析获取公平及其与有效性的关系的重要性，ii) 确定可能最大限度地提高有效性和获取公平之间协同作用的七项政策设计原则，以及 iii)评估每个主要农业森林风险商品部门的五家最大公司之间共同 ZDC 实施机制的有效性-获取公平紧张局势和协同作用：棕榈油、大豆、肉牛和可可。为了加强森林保护，同时避免对热带地区最脆弱的农民造成伤害，有必要将严格的规则与广泛的能力建设相结合，让受影响的参与者更多地参与实施机制的共同制定，