Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide. A deeper characterization of regional transcription patterns within different heart chambers may aid to improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in myocardial function and further, our ability to develop novel therapeutic strategies. Here, we used RNA sequencing to determine differentially expressed protein coding (PC) and long non-coding (lncRNA) transcripts within the heart chambers across seven vertebrate species and identified evolutionarily conserved chamber specific genes, lncRNAs and pathways. We investigated lncRNA homologs based on sequence, secondary structure, synteny and expressional conservation and found most lncRNAs to be conserved by synteny. Regional co-expression patterns of transcripts are modulated by multiple factors, including genomic overlap, strandedness and transcript biotype. Finally, we provide a community resource designated EvoACTG, which informs researchers on the conserved yet intertwined nature of the coding and non-coding cardiac transcriptome across popular model organisms in CVD research.

心血管疾病（CVD）仍然是全球死亡的主要原因。对不同心腔内区域转录模式的更深入表征可能有助于提高我们对涉及心肌功能的分子机制的理解，并进一步提高我们开发新治疗策略的能力。在这里，我们使用 RNA 测序来确定七个脊椎动物物种心腔内差异表达的蛋白质编码 (PC) 和长非编码 (lncRNA) 转录物，并确定进化上保守的心腔特异性基因、lncRNA 和通路。我们基于序列、二级结构、同线性和表达保守性研究了 lncRNA 同源物，发现大多数 lncRNA 是通过同线性保守的。转录本的区域共表达模式受多种因素的调节，包括基因组重叠、搁浅和转录生物型。最后，我们提供了一个名为 EvoACTG 的社区资源，它让研究人员了解 CVD 研究中流行的模式生物中编码和非编码心脏转录组的保守但相互交织的性质。