The guided bone regeneration (GBR) membrane is intended to provide sufficient space for alveolar bone regeneration and meanwhile prevent the invasion of gingival epithelium. In this study, three-dimensional porous reduced graphene oxide/hydroxyapatite (3D rGO/HA) membrane with two different sides was prepared using a two-step electrochemical method. One side of this composite membrane facing the bone defect was formed by 3D porous rGO with HA deposited on the frame of the 3D structure, and the other side of the membrane presented a dense 2D rGO surface to prevent the invasion of the gingival epithelium. The morphology, phase composition, and physical properties of the 3D rGO/HA composite membrane were characterized. Then the cell morphology, viability, and proliferation of pre-osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1 cells) on the 3D porous structure surface of membranes were evaluated and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) secretion as an indication of osteogenic differentiation was also investigated. Meanwhile, cell morphology, viability, and proliferation of HUVEC and L929 cells on the dense structure surface were examined. Finally, a cranial defect model of rat was employed to evaluate the effect of 3D rGO/HA as a GBR membrane in vivo. The results revealed the 3D rGO/HA membrane had good biocompatibility for MC3T3-E1 and HUVEC cells and could significantly enhance ALP secretion. Furthermore, this membrane also promoted the repair of calvarial defects in vivo. These results demonstrated that 3D porous rGO/HA composite membrane with a porous side and another dense side represents great application potential as an ideal GBR membrane.

引导骨再生（GBR）膜旨在为牙槽骨再生提供足够的空间，同时防止牙龈上皮的侵袭。在这项研究中，使用两步电化学方法制备了具有两个不同侧面的三维多孔还原氧化石墨烯/羟基磷灰石（3D rGO/HA）膜。这种复合膜面向骨缺损的一侧由 3D 多孔 rGO 形成，HA 沉积在 3D 结构的框架上，膜的另一侧呈现致密的 2D rGO 表面，以防止牙龈上皮的侵入。表征了 3D rGO/HA 复合膜的形态、相组成和物理性质。然后是细胞形态、活力、评估了膜的 3D 多孔结构表面上前成骨细胞（MC3T3-E1 细胞）的增殖和增殖，还研究了碱性磷酸酶 (ALP) 分泌作为成骨分化的指示。同时，检查了致密结构表面上 HUVEC 和 L929 细胞的细胞形态、活力和增殖。最后，采用大鼠颅骨缺损模型评估 3D rGO/HA 作为 GBR 膜的效果体内。结果表明，3D rGO/HA 膜对 MC3T3-E1 和 HUVEC 细胞具有良好的生物相容性，可以显着增强 ALP 的分泌。此外，这种膜还促进了体内颅骨缺损的修复。这些结果表明，具有多孔侧和另一个致密侧的 3D 多孔 rGO/HA 复合膜作为理想的 GBR 膜具有巨大的应用潜力。