Porous silicon from industrial waste engineered for superior stability lithium-ion battery anodes,Journal of Nanoparticle Research

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Porous silicon from industrial waste engineered for superior stability lithium-ion battery anodes
Journal of Nanoparticle Research ( IF 2.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-07 , DOI: 10.1007/s11051-021-05280-8
Tongyu Yang ₁ , Yang Gao ₁ , Yakun Tang ₁ , Yang Zhang ₁ , Xiaohui Li ₁ , Lang Liu ₁

Affiliation

Silicon waste from industrial cutting silicon rod process is assessed as an anode for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) to expand utilization of silicon waste and effectively reduce the cost. However, it is still a big challenge to achieve a large-scale and green-effective manufacture. Hence, it is important to propose a facile, low-cost, and scalable method which prepares porous silicon as an anode by chemical etching of silicon waste using acid and alkaline solution. The silicon etched by HF solution possesses porous structure, which exhibits higher capacity than unetched samples. Comparatively, the silicon etched by NaOH solution has the flaky shape with about 110 nm and shows superior cycling performance and stability (600.7 mAh g⁻¹ after 200 cycles at 420 mA g⁻¹), which can be ascribed to its abundant porous structure, as well as the amorphous SiO_x layer accommodating the volume expansion of embedded Si. The silicon waste modified by scalable etching reveals greatly enhanced electrochemical properties for LIB anodes. It is a promising method of improving the electrochemical properties of porous Si anode materials for commercial LIBs.

Graphical abstract

The two kinds of porous silicon were cleverly fabricated using KL-Si through facile ball-milling and chemical etching. H-Si owns the high initial coulombic efficiency and reversible capacity at lower current density. However, N-Si exhibits the superior cycling stability, which can be attributed to larger specific area and the SiO_x layer to buffer enormous volume expansion of Si during discharge/charge process.

中文翻译：

来自工业废料的多孔硅专为卓越的稳定性锂离子电池阳极而设计

工业切割硅棒工艺产生的硅废料被评估为锂离子电池（LIBs）的阳极，以扩大硅废料的利用，有效降低成本。然而，实现规模化、绿色高效的制造仍然是一个很大的挑战。因此，重要的是提出一种简便、低成本和可扩展的方法，该方法通过使用酸和碱溶液对硅废料进行化学蚀刻来制备多孔硅作为阳极。HF 溶液蚀刻的硅具有多孔结构，比未蚀刻的样品具有更高的容量。相比较而言，在硅蚀刻通过NaOH溶液具有约110nm和显示出优异的循环性能和稳定性（片状形状600.7毫安克^-1在420毫安克200次循环后^-1)，这可以归因于其丰富的多孔结构，以及适应嵌入 Si 体积膨胀的非晶 SiO _x层。通过可扩展蚀刻改性的硅废料显着增强了 LIB 阳极的电化学性能。这是一种改善商业锂离子电池多孔硅负极材料电化学性能的有前途的方法。