In recent years, conservation rotational tillage has been proposed to regulate soil physicochemical properties and improve soil productivity. However, the response of soil productivity to different rotational tillage with residue return systems remains unclear. Based on this concept, a long-term experiment (2007–2019) concerning conservation rotational tillage with residue-returned was established with four tillage treatments: (1) no-tillage was set at the first year, conventional tillage was set at the second year, and the third year was set with subsoiling (NCS); (2) the first year was set with no-tillage then rotated with subsoiling in the second year (NS); (3) the first year was set with subsoiling then rotated with conventional tillage in the second year (SC); (4) subsoiling (S) was set each year as the control, and all tillage took place after the residue return. After a 12-year in situ tillage experiment, NCS and SC significantly reduced soil bulk density (BD) by 7.4 % and 13.2 %, respectively, and increased soil porosity by 8.8 % and 14.6 %, respectively, in the 0−20 cm soil depth. Meanwhile, NCS, NS and SC increased the macroaggregates by 27.4 %, 22.4 % and 30.0 %, respectively, at the 0−40 cm soil depth, and NCS significantly increased aggregate stability compared with S. For the effect of different tillage practices on soil nutrients, SC slight increased annual average soil organic (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) by 4.5 % and 7.2 % compared with S. In addition, the soil water balance showed a negative trend of consumption, but NCS, NS and SC mitigated water consumption at the 0−200 cm soil depth, especially in dry years. The 12-year spring maize cultivation consumed soil water storage at a 120−420 cm soil depth, especially in ST, which increased this factor by 28.7 %–34.1 % when compared with others. In normal year, NCS significantly increased yield by 3.7 %–10.4 % compared with others. Considering the effect of the long-term experiment, NCS increased the annual average yield, WUE and PUE by 5.2 %, 4.7 % and 5.6 % compared with S, respectively. Based on the comprehensive Z-index score, the NCS with residue return was selected as the recommended agricultural management measure suitable for the climate-similar region of the Loess Plateau.

近年来，人们提出保护性轮耕来调节土壤理化性质，提高土壤生产力。然而，土壤生产力对带有残留物返回系统的不同轮耕的响应仍不清楚。以此理念为基础，开展了长期保护性还田轮耕试验（2007-2019年），分四种耕作处理：（1）第一年免耕，第二年常规耕作。年，第三年设置深松（NCS）；（2）第一年免耕，第二年（NS）轮作深松；(3)第一年深松，第二年(SC)轮作常规耕作；(4) 每年以深松(S)为对照，所有耕作都在残留物返回后进行。经过 12 年的原地耕作试验，NCS 和 SC 分别显着降低了 0-20 cm 土壤的土壤容重 (BD) 7.4% 和 13.2%，并分别增加了 8.8% 和 14.6% 的土壤孔隙度深度。同时，NCS、NS 和 SC 在 0-40 cm 土壤深度分别增加了 27.4 %、22.4 % 和 30.0 % 的大团聚体，与 S 相比，NCS 显着增加了团聚体稳定性。 对于不同耕作方式对土壤的影响与 S 相比，SC 略微增加了年均土壤有机物 (SOC) 和全氮 (TN) 4.5 % 和 7.2 %。此外，土壤水平衡呈负向消耗趋势，但 NCS、NS 和 SC 减轻了水分在 0-200 cm 土壤深度的消耗，特别是在干旱年份。12 年春玉米种植消耗了 120~420 cm 土层的土壤蓄水量，特别是在 ST 区，与其他地区相比，该系数增加了 28.7%~34.1%。正常年份，NCS比其他年份显着增加产量3.7%–10.4%。考虑到长期试验的效果，NCS 使年平均产量、WUE 和 PUE 与 S 相比分别提高了 5.2%、4.7% 和 5.6%。根据综合Z指数得分，选择具有残留物回报的NCS作为适合黄土高原气候相似区的推荐农业管理措施。4% 与其他人相比。考虑到长期试验的效果，NCS 使年平均产量、WUE 和 PUE 与 S 相比分别提高了 5.2%、4.7% 和 5.6%。根据综合Z指数得分，选择具有残留物回报的NCS作为适合黄土高原气候相似区的推荐农业管理措施。4% 与其他人相比。考虑到长期试验的效果，NCS 使年平均产量、WUE 和 PUE 与 S 相比分别提高了 5.2%、4.7% 和 5.6%。根据综合Z指数得分，选择具有残留物回报的NCS作为适合黄土高原气候相似区的推荐农业管理措施。