Cardiovascular disease in SARS-CoV-2 infection,Clinical & Translational Immunology

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Cardiovascular disease in SARS-CoV-2 infection
Clinical & Translational Immunology ( IF 4.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-07 , DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1343
Kei Sato _{1,

2} , Jane E Sinclair ₃ , Habib Sadeghirad ₄ , John F Fraser _{1,

2} , Kirsty R Short _{3,

5} , Arutha Kulasinghe _{2,

6}

Affiliation

Pre-existing cardiovascular disease (CVD) increases the morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 and is strongly associated with poor disease outcomes. However, SARS-CoV-2 infection can also trigger de novo acute and chronic cardiovascular disease. Acute cardiac complications include arrhythmia, myocarditis and heart failure, which are significantly associated with higher in-hospital mortality. The possible mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 causes this acute cardiac disease include direct damage caused by viral invasion of cardiomyocytes as well as indirect damage through systemic inflammation. The long-term cardiac complications associated with COVID-19 are incompletely characterised and thought to include hypertension, arrhythmia, coronary atherosclerosis and heart failure. Although some cardiac-related symptoms can last over 6 months, the effect of these complications on long-term patient health remains unclear. The risk factors associated with long-term cardiovascular disease remain poorly defined. Determining which patients are most at-risk of long-term cardiovascular disease is vital so that targeted follow-up and patient care can be provided. The aim of this review was to summarise the current evidence of the acute and long-term cardiovascular consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 may cause cardiovascular disease.

中文翻译：

SARS-CoV-2 感染引起的心血管疾病

已有的心血管疾病 (CVD) 会增加 COVID-19 的发病率和死亡率，并且与不良的疾病结果密切相关。然而，SARS-CoV-2 感染也可引发急性和慢性心血管疾病。急性心脏并发症包括心律失常、心肌炎和心力衰竭，这些并发症与较高的院内死亡率显着相关。 SARS-CoV-2引起这种急性心脏病的可能机制包括病毒侵入心肌细胞造成的直接损害以及全身炎症造成的间接损害。与 COVID-19 相关的长期心脏并发症的特征尚不完全，被认为包括高血压、心律失常、冠状动脉粥样硬化和心力衰竭。尽管一些心脏相关症状可持续 6 个月以上，但这些并发症对患者长期健康的影响仍不清楚。与长期心血管疾病相关的危险因素仍然不明确。确定哪些患者最容易患长期心血管疾病至关重要，以便提供有针对性的随访和患者护理。本综述的目的是总结 SARS-CoV-2 感染的急性和长期心血管后果的现有证据以及 SARS-CoV-2 可能导致心血管疾病的机制。

更新日期：2021-09-08

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