Optoelectronic oscillators (OEOs) have attracted much attention for producing ultra-low phase-noise microwave/millimeter-wave oscillations. Traditional delay-based OEOs usually suffer from strong spurious peaks in their phase noise power spectral densities and possible mode-hopping phenomena. Some methods have been proposed in the literature such as using multi-loop architectures or injection locking to other OEOs or radio frequency (RF) oscillators to reduce these spurious peaks. In other approaches, optical filters/resonators other than optical fibers have been proposed to reduce or suppress these peaks and prevent the mode-hopping phenomenon, such as whispering gallery mode resonators (WGMRs), fiber Bragg gratings, and other forms of microwave photonic filters. Usually, approximate single-purpose approaches have been presented to analyze OEOs utilizing such resonators. Here a general framework for analyzing the performance of OEOs implementing RF and optical filters/resonators with arbitrary linear transfer functions is presented. Consequently, it can consider, for example, the most general dispersion models of the fibers as well as any OEO architecture using a combination of different optical resonators. It can also consider the noise transfer between any sidebands of the RF or optical signals and any kind of amplitude noise to phase noise transfers and vice versa. The non-idealities of the electro-optic modulators such as the chirping and finite extinction ratios can also be taken into account. The validity of the new approach is verified by comparing its results with those previously published in the literature. In particular, the case of a WGMR plus delay line OEO is considered for comparisons.

中文翻译：

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利用具有任意传递函数的光学和射频谐振器的光电振荡器的频域分析

光电振荡器（OEO）因产生超低相位噪声微波/毫米波振荡而备受关注。传统的基于延迟的 OEO 通常在其相位噪声功率谱密度和可能的模式跳跃现象中遭受强烈的杂散峰值。文献中已经提出了一些方法，例如使用多回路架构或注入锁定到其他 OEO 或射频 (RF) 振荡器以减少这些杂散峰值。在其他方法中，已经提出了除光纤之外的光学滤波器/谐振器来减少或抑制这些峰值并防止跳模现象，例如回音壁模式谐振器 (WGMR)、光纤布拉格光栅和其他形式的微波光子滤波器. 通常，已经提出了近似单一用途的方法来分析利用这种谐振器的 OEO。此处介绍了用于分析实现具有任意线性传递函数的 RF 和光学滤波器/谐振器的 OEO 性能的一般框架。因此，它可以考虑，例如，最通用的光纤色散模型以及使用不同光学谐振器组合的任何 OEO 架构。它还可以考虑 RF 或光信号的任何边带之间的噪声传输以及任何类型的幅度噪声到相位噪声的传输，反之亦然。还可以考虑电光调制器的非理想性，例如啁啾和有限消光比。通过将其结果与先前发表在文献中的结果进行比较，验证了新方法的有效性。特别地，考虑了 WGMR 加延迟线 OEO 的情况进行比较。