This study focuses on the start-up optimization strategies for a Hydroelectric Generating System (HGS). A mathematical model of HGS to describe the complex hydraulic coupling relationship, between the water diversion pipes, the hydro-turbine, the governor and the generator, is proposed. This allows to accurately describe the start-up process and identifying the effect of successive start-up time interval (ΔT) and the pipe structure on the water head and the rotational speed of HGS. The result shows that the successive start-up strategy with ΔT = 9s maximally reduces the water head fluctuation of units #1 and #2 by 30.94% and 25.77% compared with the simultaneous start-up strategy when the branch pipe is symmetric. For the asymmetric branch pipe, the unit behind branch B# starts up first is beneficial to reduce the water head fluctuation of the unit behind branch #A when the flow inertia time constant of branch #A is larger. Finally, the parameters of the start opening as well the PID governor parameters are optimized by a multi-objective particle swarm optimization for the asymmetric pipe in order to minimize the unit speed overshoot and the speed rise time. These results in this work provide a theoretical guidance for the selection of optimal start-up strategy in the case of symmetric and asymmetric HGS branch pipe structures.

本研究侧重于水力发电系统 (HGS) 的启动优化策略。提出了一种描述引水管、水轮机、调速器和发电机之间复杂水力耦合关系的HGS数学模型。这允许准确描述启动过程并识别连续启动时间间隔 ( ΔT ) 和管道结构对 HGS 水头和转速的影响。结果表明，具有ΔT的连续启动策略 = 9s与支管对称时同时启动策略相比，最大程度降低#1和#2机组水头波动30.94%和25.77%。对于非对称支管，当支路#A的流动惯性时间常数较大时，支路B#后机组先启动有利于降低支路#A后机组的水头波动。最后，通过多目标粒子群优化非对称管道的启动开度参数和PID调节器参数，以最小化机组速度超调和速度上升时间。本工作的这些结果为对称和非对称 HGS 支管结构情况下最佳启动策略的选择提供了理论指导。