This study combines multiscale analyses of geological, fault, fracture, and stable isotope data to investigate strike-slip deformation and channeling of hydrothermal fluids along the Cafarnaum fault and calcite veins at different distances from the fault, which is a structure in the São Francisco Craton, northeastern Brazil. Meteoric fluids with δD values near −45‰ and δ¹⁸O values near −6.5‰ and temperatures at 40–70 °C precipitated as calcite veins in the host carbonate units. The Cafarnaum fault, a N-S-striking vertical, ~170 km long fault zone, juxtaposes Neoproterozoic carbonate rocks in the western block and Mesoproterozoic siliciclastic rocks in the eastern block. A zone of restraining bends occurs at the central part of the fault, whereas termination zones of horsetail geometry occur at both ends of the Cafarnaum fault. These zones are marked by NW-SE-striking extensional faults that are oblique to the main N-S-striking fault zone, where hydrothermal deposits occur. The zone of influence of the Cafarnaum fault is ~ 20 km wide around the main fault. The fault formed during the Brasiliano orogeny (740–560 Ma) after Neoproterozoic carbonate platform deposition. In contrast with the host units, fluids along the fault zone originated in deeper levels of the crust and show much lower δ¹⁸O values, indicating higher crystallization temperatures. These fluids caused brecciation in the Neoproterozoic carbonate host rocks, whereas a subsequent decrease in fluid pressure and cooling near the surface resulted in the precipitation of a hydrothermal paragenesis in veins, also affecting the host rock.

本研究结合了地质、断层、裂缝和稳定同位素数据的多尺度分析，以研究沿着 Cafarnaum 断层和距断层不同距离处的方解石脉的热液的走滑变形和窜流，断层是圣弗朗西斯科克拉通的一个结构，巴西东北部。δD值接近−45‰和δ ^18的流星体流体接近-6.5‰的O值和40-70°C的温度在宿主碳酸盐单元中沉淀为方解石脉。Cafarnaum 断层是一条南北走向的垂直断裂带，长约 170 公里，将西部地块的新元古代碳酸盐岩和东部地块的中元古代硅质碎屑岩并置。在断层的中心部分出现了一个限制弯曲带，而在 Cafarnaum 断层的两端出现了马尾几何的终止带。这些带以 NW-SE 走向的伸展断层为标志，这些断层倾斜于主要的 NS 走向断层带，在那里发生热液沉积。Cafarnaum 断层的影响区在主断层周围约 20 公里宽。断层形成于新元古代碳酸盐台地沉积后的巴西造山运动（740-560 Ma）。与主机单位相比，¹⁸ O 值，表明更高的结晶温度。这些流体导致了新元古代碳酸盐围岩中的角砾岩化，而随后流体压力的降低和地表附近的冷却导致了脉中热液共生作用的沉淀，也影响了围岩。