For cardiopulmonary bypass, the polyvinyl chloride (PVC) circuit which can initiate the activation of platelets and the coagulation cascade after blood cell contacting is the possible detrimental effect. Surface coating of the PVC tubing system can be an effective approach to enhance circuit's hemocompatibility. In this study, aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) thin films were deposited through thermal atomic layer deposition (T-ALD) or plasma-enhanced ALD (PE-ALD) on PVC samples, and the anticoagulation of the Al₂O₃-coated PVC samples was demonstrated. The results revealed that Al₂O₃ deposition through ALD increased surface roughness, whereas T-ALD had a relative hydrophilicity compared with blank PVC and PE-ALD. Whole blood immersion tests showed that blood clots formed on blank PVC and that a large amount of red blood cells was found on PE-ALD substrates, whereas less blood cells were noted in T-ALD samples. Both T-ALD and PE-ALD Al₂O₃ films did not cause activation of blood cells, as evidenced in CD3⁺/CD4⁺/CD8⁺, CD61⁺/CD62P⁺, and CD45⁺/CD42b⁺ populations. Analysis of serum coagulation factors showed that a lower amount of prothrombin was absorbed on T-ALD Al₂O₃ samples than that on blank PVC. For albumin and fibrinogen immersion tests, immunostaining and scanning electron microscopy further revealed that a thin albumin layer was absorbed on T-ALD Al₂O₃ substrates but not on PVC samples. This study revealed that deposition of Al₂O₃ films by T-ALD can improve anticoagulation of the PVC tubing system.

中文翻译：

---

使用通过原子层沉积施加的氧化铝纳米级涂层增强用于体外循环的聚氯乙烯管的抗凝能力

对于体外循环，可启动血小板活化和血细胞接触后的凝血级联的聚氯乙烯 (PVC) 回路是可能的不利影响。PVC管系统的表面涂层可以是提高电路血液相容性的有效方法。本研究通过热原子层沉积 (T-ALD) 或等离子增强 ALD (PE-ALD) 在 PVC 样品上沉积氧化铝 (Al ₂ O ₃ ) 薄膜，并对 Al ₂ O ₃ -演示了涂层 PVC 样品。结果表明，Al ₂ O ₃通过 ALD 沉积增加了表面粗糙度，而 T-ALD 与空白 PVC 和 PE-ALD 相比具有相对亲水性。全血浸没试验表明，在空白 PVC 上形成血凝块，在 PE-ALD 基质上发现大量红细胞，而在 T-ALD 样品中发现较少的血细胞。T-ALD 和 PE-ALD Al ₂ O ₃膜均不引起血细胞活化，如 CD3 ⁺ /CD4 ⁺ /CD8 ⁺、CD61 ⁺ /CD62P ⁺和 CD45 ⁺ /CD42b ⁺群体所证明的。血清凝血因子分析表明，T-ALD Al _{2吸收的凝血酶原量较低}O ₃样品比空白 PVC 上的样品多。对于白蛋白和纤维蛋白原浸泡测试，免疫染色和扫描电子显微镜进一步显示，薄的白蛋白层被吸收在 T-ALD Al ₂ O ₃基材上，但在 PVC 样品上没有。该研究表明，通过 T-ALD 沉积 Al ₂ O ₃薄膜可以提高 PVC 管材系统的抗凝性。