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Identifying critical transitions in seasonal shifts of zooplankton composition in a confined coastal salt marsh
Aquatic Sciences ( IF 2.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-07 , DOI: 10.1007/s00027-021-00824-5
Xavier D. Quintana 1 , Maria Antón-Pardo 1 , Maria Bas-Silvestre 1 , Dani Boix 1 , Jordi Compte 1 , David Cunilllera-Montcusí 1, 2 , Stéphanie Gascón 1 , Irene Tornero 1 , Jordi Sala 1 , Xavier Casamitjana 3 , Anna Menció 4 , Biel Obrador 5
Affiliation  

Zooplankton assemblages in the confined coastal lagoons of La Pletera salt marshes (Baix Ter wetlands, Girona, Spain) are dominated by two species: one calanoid copepod (Eurytemora velox) and the other rotifer (Brachionus gr. plicatilis). They alternate as the dominant species (more than 80% of total zooplankton biomass), with the former being dominant in winter and the latter in summer. Shifts between these taxa are sudden, and intermediate situations usually do not last more than 1 month. Although seasonal shifts between zooplankton dominant species appear to be related with temperature, other factors such as trophic state or oxygen concentration may also play an important role. Shifts between species dominances may be driven by thresholds in these environmental variables. However, according to the alternative stable states theory, under conditions of stable dominance a certain resistance to change may exist, causing that gradual changes might have little effect until a tipping point is reached, at which the reverse change becomes much more difficult. We investigated which are the possible factors causing seasonal zooplankton shifts. We used high-frequency temperature and oxygen data provided by sensors installed in situ to analyse if shifts in zooplankton composition are determined by a threshold in these variables or, on the other hand, some gradual change between stable states occur. Moreover, following the postulates of the alternative stable states theory, we looked at possible hysteresis to analyse if these seasonal zooplankton shifts behave as critical transitions between two different equilibriums. We also examined if top-down or bottom-up trophic interactions affect these zooplankton shifts. Our results show that shifts between dominant zooplankton species in La Pletera salt marshes are asymmetric. The shift to a Eurytemora situation is mainly driven by a decrease in temperature, with a threshold close to 19 °C of daily average temperature, while the shift to Brachionus does not. Usually, the decrease in water temperature is accompanied by a decrease in oxygen oscillation with values always close to 100% oxygen saturation. Moreover, oxygen and temperature values before the shift to calanoids are different from those before the reverse shift to Brachionus, suggesting hysteresis and some resistance to change when a critical transition is approaching. Top-down and bottom-up forces appear to have no significant effect on shifts, since zooplankton biomass was not negatively correlated with fish biomass and was not positively related with chlorophyll, in overall data or within shifts.



中文翻译:

确定受限沿海盐沼中浮游动物组成季节性变化的关键转变

La Pletera 盐沼(Baix Ter 湿地,赫罗纳,西班牙)的封闭沿海泻湖中的浮游动物组合由两种物种主导:一种桡足类(Eurytemora velox)和另一种轮虫(Brachionus gr. plicatilis)。它们交替作为优势物种(占浮游动物总生物量的 80% 以上),前者在冬季占优势,后者在夏季占优势。这些分类群之间的转变是突然的,中间情况通常不会持续超过 1 个月。尽管浮游动物优势物种之间的季节性变化似乎与温度有关,但其他因素如营养状态或氧气浓度也可能发挥重要作用。物种优势之间的转变可能是由这些环境变量的阈值驱动的。然而,根据替代稳定状态理论,在稳定优势的条件下,可能存在一定的变化阻力,导致在达到临界点之前逐渐变化可能几乎没有影响,此时反向变化变得更加困难。我们调查了导致浮游动物季节性变化的可能因素。我们使用由原位安装的传感器提供的高频温度和氧气数据来分析浮游动物组成的变化是否由这些变量的阈值决定,或者另一方面,稳定状态之间发生了一些逐渐变化。此外,根据替代稳定状态理论的假设,我们研究了可能的滞后现象,以分析这些季节性浮游动物变化是否表现为两个不同平衡之间的关键过渡。我们还检查了自上而下或自下而上的营养相互作用是否会影响这些浮游动物的变化。我们的结果表明 La Pletera 盐沼中优势浮游动物物种之间的变化是不对称的。转移到一个 我们使用由原位安装的传感器提供的高频温度和氧气数据来分析浮游动物组成的变化是否由这些变量的阈值决定,或者另一方面,稳定状态之间发生了一些逐渐变化。此外,根据替代稳定状态理论的假设,我们研究了可能的滞后现象,以分析这些季节性浮游动物变化是否表现为两个不同平衡之间的关键过渡。我们还检查了自上而下或自下而上的营养相互作用是否会影响这些浮游动物的变化。我们的结果表明 La Pletera 盐沼中优势浮游动物物种之间的变化是不对称的。转移到一个 我们使用由原位安装的传感器提供的高频温度和氧气数据来分析浮游动物组成的变化是否由这些变量的阈值决定,或者另一方面,稳定状态之间发生了一些逐渐变化。此外,根据替代稳定状态理论的假设,我们研究了可能的滞后现象,以分析这些季节性浮游动物变化是否表现为两个不同平衡之间的关键过渡。我们还检查了自上而下或自下而上的营养相互作用是否会影响这些浮游动物的变化。我们的结果表明 La Pletera 盐沼中优势浮游动物物种之间的变化是不对称的。转移到一个 遵循替代稳定状态理论的假设,我们研究了可能的滞后现象,以分析这些季节性浮游动物变化是否表现为两个不同平衡之间的关键过渡。我们还检查了自上而下或自下而上的营养相互作用是否会影响这些浮游动物的变化。我们的结果表明 La Pletera 盐沼中优势浮游动物物种之间的变化是不对称的。转移到一个 遵循替代稳定状态理论的假设,我们研究了可能的滞后现象,以分析这些季节性浮游动物变化是否表现为两个不同平衡之间的关键过渡。我们还检查了自上而下或自下而上的营养相互作用是否会影响这些浮游动物的变化。我们的结果表明 La Pletera 盐沼中优势浮游动物物种之间的变化是不对称的。转移到一个Eurytemora 的情况主要是由温度下降引起的,其阈值接近日平均温度 19 °C,而向Brachionus的转变则不然。通常,水温的降低伴随着氧气振荡的降低,其值始终接近 100% 的氧饱和度。此外,转变为海藻素之前的氧气和温度值与反向转变为腕骨之前的值不同,这表明在临界转变接近时存在滞后和对变化的一些阻力。自上而下和自下而上的力量似乎对变化没有显着影响,因为在整体数据或变化中,浮游动物生物量与鱼类生物量没有负相关,与叶绿素没有正相关。

更新日期:2021-09-08
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