SARS-CoV-2 and approaches for a testing and diagnostic strategy,Journal of Materials Chemistry B

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SARS-CoV-2 and approaches for a testing and diagnostic strategy
Journal of Materials Chemistry B ( IF 6.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-15 , DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00674f
Delyan R Hristov ₁ , Jose Gomez-Marquez ₂ , Djibril Wade ₃ , Kimberly Hamad-Schifferli _{1,

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Affiliation

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an unprecedented global health challenge, creating sudden, massive demands for diagnostic testing, treatment, therapies, and vaccines. In particular, the development of diagnostic assays for SARS-CoV-2 has been pursued as they are needed for quarantine, disease surveillance, and patient treatment. One of the major lessons the pandemic highlighted was the need for fast, cheap, scalable and reliable diagnostic methods, such as paper-based assays. Furthermore, it has previously been suggested that paper-based tests may be more suitable for settings with lower resource availability and may help alleviate some supply chain challenges which arose during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, we explore how such devices may fit in a comprehensive diagnostic strategy and how some of the challenges to the technology, e.g. low sensitivity, may be addressed. We discuss the properties of the SARS-CoV-2 virus itself, the COVID-19 disease pathway, and the immune response. We then describe the different diagnostic strategies that have been pursued, focusing on molecular strategies for viral genetic material, antigen tests, and serological assays, and innovations for improving the diagnostic sensitivity and capabilities. Finally, we discuss pressing issues for the future, and what needs to be addressed for the ongoing pandemic and future outbreaks.

中文翻译：

SARS-CoV-2 以及检测和诊断策略的方法

COVID-19 大流行导致了前所未有的全球健康挑战，对诊断测试、治疗、疗法和疫苗产生了突然的巨大需求。特别是，由于检疫、疾病监测和患者治疗需要它们，因此一直在开发 SARS-CoV-2 的诊断检测方法。大流行突出的主要教训之一是需要快速、廉价、可扩展和可靠的诊断方法，例如纸质化验。此外，之前有人建议，纸质测试可能更适合资源可用性较低的环境，并可能有助于缓解 COVID-19 大流行期间出现的一些供应链挑战。因此，我们探讨了此类设备如何适应全面的诊断策略以及该技术面临的一些挑战，例如低灵敏度，可以解决。我们讨论了 SARS-CoV-2 病毒本身的特性、COVID-19 疾病途径和免疫反应。然后，我们描述了已采用的不同诊断策略，重点关注病毒遗传物质、抗原检测和血清学检测的分子策略，以及提高诊断灵敏度和能力的创新。最后，我们讨论了未来的紧迫问题，以及当前大流行和未来爆发需要解决的问题。

更新日期：2021-09-08

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