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Environmental and economic assessment of global and German production locations for CO2-based methanol and naphtha
Green Chemistry ( IF 9.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-31 , DOI: 10.1039/d1gc01546j Simon Kaiser 1 , Katharina Prontnicki 1 , Stefan Bringezu 1
Green Chemistry ( IF 9.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-31 , DOI: 10.1039/d1gc01546j Simon Kaiser 1 , Katharina Prontnicki 1 , Stefan Bringezu 1
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The utilization of CO2 in combination with renewable energy and water is a promising alternative for the use of fossil hydrocarbons in the chemical industry. In countries like Germany, the required amounts of renewable energy for a large-scale production will most probably exceed their availability. To gain more information about the environmental impacts and economic parameters of a potential import of CO2-based chemicals, 19 representative international production locations were identified considering energy, CO2, and water availability and compared to 2 locations in Germany. Life cycle and economic assessments were done for all locations for CO2-based methanol and naphtha. The results show that location-differences determine environmental impacts and economic parameters with a tendency of wind-based locations outperforming those using photovoltaic cells. Comparing both chemicals, methanol shows better results in every category with the examined German locations showing promising results. While a decrease of the climate footprint can be reached for both chemicals at all locations in relation to the conventional alternatives, they also show a trade-off between the climate footprint and at least two other environmental impacts which raises the risk of problem shifting. The economic results imply that for some locations a competetive production is in range in the medium term even without changed policies. At the same time, the inclusion of chemicals into carbon pricing schemes may not be sufficient for every production location, since the calculated break-even carbon prices for methanol range from 284 € per t CO2 to 1.619 € per t CO2 in the status quo and from 11 € per t CO2 to 735 € per t CO2 in 2030. The high variances of the environmental and economic results indicate the necessity for a careful selection process of production locations. Importantly, desalination of water did not significantly raise the environmental impacts or production costs. Therefore, it might be promising to develop production plants in regions with very good conditions for renewable energy production while planning to use saline water to avoid additional pressure on water systems.
中文翻译：
全球和德国基于 CO2 的甲醇和石脑油生产地点的环境和经济评估
CO 2与可再生能源和水的结合使用是在化学工业中使用化石碳氢化合物的有前途的替代方案。在德国等国家，大规模生产所需的可再生能源很可能会超过其供应量。为了获得有关潜在进口基于 CO 2的化学品的环境影响和经济参数的更多信息，考虑到能源、CO 2和水的可用性，并与德国的 2 个地点进行了比较，确定了 19 个具有代表性的国际生产地点。对所有地点的 CO 2进行了生命周期和经济评估-基于甲醇和石脑油。结果表明，位置差异决定了环境影响和经济参数，风基位置的性能优于使用光伏电池的位置。比较这两种化学品，甲醇在每个类别中都显示出更好的结果，而在德国进行检查的地点显示出有希望的结果。虽然与传统替代品相比，所有地点的这两种化学品都可以减少气候足迹，但它们也显示了气候足迹与至少两种其他环境影响之间的权衡，这增加了问题转移的风险。经济结果表明，即使没有改变政策，某些地区的中期生产能力也在范围内。同时，2，以1.619€每吨CO 2的现状，并从11€每吨CO 2到735€每吨CO 2在2030年的高方差的环境和经济结果的指示的生产地点进行仔细选择过程的必要性. 重要的是，海水淡化并未显着增加环境影响或生产成本。因此，在可再生能源生产条件非常好的地区开发生产工厂可能是有希望的，同时计划使用盐水以避免对水系统造成额外压力。
更新日期：2021-09-08
中文翻译：
全球和德国基于 CO2 的甲醇和石脑油生产地点的环境和经济评估
CO 2与可再生能源和水的结合使用是在化学工业中使用化石碳氢化合物的有前途的替代方案。在德国等国家，大规模生产所需的可再生能源很可能会超过其供应量。为了获得有关潜在进口基于 CO 2的化学品的环境影响和经济参数的更多信息，考虑到能源、CO 2和水的可用性，并与德国的 2 个地点进行了比较，确定了 19 个具有代表性的国际生产地点。对所有地点的 CO 2进行了生命周期和经济评估-基于甲醇和石脑油。结果表明，位置差异决定了环境影响和经济参数，风基位置的性能优于使用光伏电池的位置。比较这两种化学品，甲醇在每个类别中都显示出更好的结果，而在德国进行检查的地点显示出有希望的结果。虽然与传统替代品相比，所有地点的这两种化学品都可以减少气候足迹，但它们也显示了气候足迹与至少两种其他环境影响之间的权衡，这增加了问题转移的风险。经济结果表明，即使没有改变政策，某些地区的中期生产能力也在范围内。同时，2，以1.619€每吨CO 2的现状，并从11€每吨CO 2到735€每吨CO 2在2030年的高方差的环境和经济结果的指示的生产地点进行仔细选择过程的必要性. 重要的是，海水淡化并未显着增加环境影响或生产成本。因此，在可再生能源生产条件非常好的地区开发生产工厂可能是有希望的，同时计划使用盐水以避免对水系统造成额外压力。
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