Extensive studies have been performed to understand the structure–property relationship in nanotwinned (NT) metals, where the average twin thickness or twin spacing is less than 100 nm. NT metals may have high strength, ductility, good electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance and have promising applications in microelectronics, structural materials and coatings for gas and oil industry. Most prior studies focus on the computational and experimental investigations of NT metals with low stacking fault energy (SFE) and often in polycrystalline forms. Here we review recent findings on epitaxial growth of NT metals and alloys with low and high SFEs deposited on single crystal substrates, and focus primarily on advancing our comprehension towards tailoring the microstructures and properties of NT metals via extrinsic factors, including the synthesis technique, parametric control and growth template, and intrinsic factors, such as SFE and thermodynamic, kinetic alloying effects. The review intends to illuminate how to synthesize and design epitaxial NT structures to achieve desirable properties.

中文翻译：

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外延纳米孪晶金属和合金：合成-孪晶结构-性能关系

已经进行了广泛的研究以了解纳米孪晶 (NT) 金属的结构-性能关系，其中平均孪晶厚度或孪晶间距小于 100 nm。NT金属可能具有高强度、延展性、良好的导电性和耐腐蚀性，在微电子、结构材料和天然气和石油工业的涂层方面具有广阔的应用前景。大多数先前的研究都集中在对具有低堆垛层错能 (SFE) 且通常为多晶形式的 NT 金属的计算和实验研究上。在这里，我们审查NT金属和低合金和沉积在单晶衬底高的SFE的外延生长最近的调查结果，并主要集中于朝剪裁NT金属的微结构和属性推进我们理解通过外在因素，包括合成技术、参数控制和生长模板，以及内在因素，如 SFE 和热力学、动力学合金化效应。该评论旨在阐明如何合成和设计外延 NT 结构以实现理想的特性。