Background:Providing an adequate supply of affordable housing has become an increasingly difficult challenge for US cities. Inclusionary zoning (IZ) policies have become an increasingly popular response. Substantial research has demonstrated the health benefits of stable, affordable housing. There is anecdotal but not systematic evidence that IZ policies may be associated with some health benefits of affordable housing.Methods:We rely on data from the 2017 500 Cities Project, the 2016 to 2017 Lincoln Institute for Land Policy survey, and the 2011 to 2015 American Community Survey. We perform bivariate tests and cluster ordinary least squares regression to examine associations at the municipal level between having inclusionary zoning (IZ) policies, the attributes of those policies, and the prevalence of several cardiovascular outcomes.Results:Cardiovascular outcomes and socioeconomic characteristics were uniformly better in cities with IZ policies. IZ policies were associated with lower blood pressure (95% CI, −0.50 to −0.13), cholesterol (CI, −0.89 to −0.31), and blood pressure medication (CI, −0.57 to −0.03) prevalence. Some characteristics of IZ programs such as being mandatory, prioritizing rental development, and allocating a larger share of affordable housing are associated with cardiovascular risk prevalence.Conclusions:Characteristics of IZ programs that ultimately benefit low-income residents are associated with favorable municipal-level cardiovascular health. Further, IZ policies could potentially address complex health challenges among economically vulnerable households.

中文翻译：

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包容性分区政策与心血管疾病风险流行之间的生态关联：一项观察性研究

背景：提供充足的经济适用房供应已成为美国城市面临的日益严峻的挑战。包容性分区 (IZ) 政策已成为越来越受欢迎的回应。大量研究表明，稳定、负担得起的住房对健康有益。有轶事但不是系统的证据表明 IZ 政策可能与经济适用房的某些健康益处相关。 方法：我们依赖于 2017 年 500 城市项目、2016 年至 2017 年林肯土地政策研究所调查以及 2011 年至 2015 年的数据美国社区调查。我们执行双变量检验和聚类普通最小二乘回归，以检查城市层面的包容性分区 (IZ) 政策、这些政策的属性和几种心血管结果的流行程度之间的关联。 结果：具有 IZ 政策的城市的心血管结果和社会经济特征一致更好。IZ 策略与较低的血压（95% CI，-0.50 至 -0.13）、胆固醇（CI，-0.89 至 -0.31）和血压药物（CI，-0.57 至 -0.03）流行相关。IZ 计划的一些特征，如强制性、优先租赁开发和分配更大份额的经济适用房与心血管风险患病率相关。结论：IZ 计划的特征最终使低收入居民受益健康。此外，IZ 政策可能会解决经济脆弱家庭中复杂的健康挑战。IZ 策略与较低的血压（95% CI，-0.50 至 -0.13）、胆固醇（CI，-0.89 至 -0.31）和血压药物（CI，-0.57 至 -0.03）流行相关。IZ 计划的一些特征，如强制性、优先租赁开发和分配更大份额的经济适用房与心血管风险患病率相关。结论：IZ 计划的特征最终使低收入居民受益健康。此外，IZ 政策可能会解决经济脆弱家庭中复杂的健康挑战。IZ 策略与较低的血压（95% CI，-0.50 至 -0.13）、胆固醇（CI，-0.89 至 -0.31）和血压药物（CI，-0.57 至 -0.03）流行相关。IZ 计划的一些特征，如强制性、优先租赁开发和分配更大份额的经济适用房与心血管风险患病率相关。结论：IZ 计划的特征最终使低收入居民受益健康。此外，IZ 政策可能会解决经济脆弱家庭中复杂的健康挑战。IZ 计划的一些特征，如强制性、优先租赁开发和分配更大份额的经济适用房与心血管风险患病率相关。结论：IZ 计划的特征最终使低收入居民受益健康。此外，IZ 政策可能会解决经济脆弱家庭中复杂的健康挑战。IZ 计划的一些特征，如强制性、优先租赁开发和分配更大份额的经济适用房与心血管风险患病率相关。结论：IZ 计划的特征最终使低收入居民受益健康。此外，IZ 政策可能会解决经济脆弱家庭中复杂的健康挑战。