Genetic changes are difficult to reverse; thus, epigenetic aberrations, including changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs, with potential reversibility, have attracted attention as pharmaceutical targets. The current paradigm is that histone deacetylases (HDACs) regulate gene expression via deacetylation of histone and nonhistone proteins or by forming corepressor complexes with transcription factors. The emergence of epigenetic tools related to HDACs can be used as diagnostic and therapeutic markers. HDAC inhibitors that block specific or a series of HDACs have proven to be a powerful therapeutic treatment for immune-related diseases. Here, we summarize the various roles of HDACs and HDAC inhibitors in the development and function of innate and adaptive immune cells and their implications for various diseases and therapies.

中文翻译：

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HDAC 作为免疫细胞表观遗传重塑和功能的推定靶标的临床前和临床进展

遗传变化难以逆转；因此，具有潜在可逆性的表观遗传畸变，包括 DNA 甲基化、组蛋白修饰和非编码 RNA 的变化，作为药物靶标引起了人们的关注。目前的范式是组蛋白去乙酰化酶 (HDAC) 通过组蛋白和非组蛋白的去乙酰化或通过与转录因子形成辅阻遏复合物来调节基因表达。与 HDAC 相关的表观遗传工具的出现可用作诊断和治疗标志物。阻断特定或一系列 HDAC 的 HDAC 抑制剂已被证明是免疫相关疾病的有效治疗方法。这里，