Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) caused by arteriosclerosis are the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. In the late stages of atherosclerosis, the atherosclerotic plaque gradually expands in the blood vessels, resulting in vascular stenosis. When the unstable plaque ruptures and falls off, it blocks the vessel causing vascular thrombosis, leading to strokes, myocardial infarctions, and a series of other serious diseases that endanger people's lives. Therefore, regulating plaque stability is the main means used to address the high mortality associated with CVDs. The progression of the atherosclerotic plaque is a complex integration of vascular cell apoptosis, lipid metabolism disorders, inflammatory cell infiltration, vascular smooth muscle cell migration, and neovascular infiltration. More recently, emerging evidence has demonstrated that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a significant role in regulating the pathophysiological process of atherosclerotic plaque formation by affecting the biological functions of the vasculature and its associated cells. The purpose of this paper is to comprehensively review the regulatory mechanisms involved in the susceptibility of atherosclerotic plaque rupture, discuss the limitations of current approaches to treat plaque instability, and highlight the potential clinical value of ncRNAs as novel diagnostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic strategies to improve plaque stability and reduce the risk of major cardiovascular events.

中文翻译：

---

靶向不稳定动脉粥样硬化斑块中的非编码 RNA：机制、调控、可能性和局限性

由动脉硬化引起的心血管疾病 (CVD) 是全球死亡和残疾的主要原因。在动脉粥样硬化的晚期，动脉粥样硬化斑块在血管中逐渐扩大，导致血管狭窄。当不稳定斑块破裂脱落时，阻塞血管引起血管血栓形成，导致中风、心肌梗塞等一系列危及人们生命的严重疾病。因此，调节斑块稳定性是解决与心血管疾病相关的高死亡率的主要手段。动脉粥样硬化斑块的进展是血管细胞凋亡、脂质代谢紊乱、炎症细胞浸润、血管平滑肌细胞迁移和新生血管浸润的复杂整合。最近，新出现的证据表明，非编码 RNA (ncRNA) 通过影响脉管系统及其相关细胞的生物学功能，在调节动脉粥样硬化斑块形成的病理生理过程中发挥着重要作用。本文的目的是全面回顾涉及动脉粥样硬化斑块破裂易感性的调控机制，讨论目前治疗斑块不稳定性方法的局限性，并强调 ncRNA 作为新型诊断生物标志物的潜在临床价值和潜在的治疗策略以改善斑块稳定性和降低主要心血管事件的风险。