We demonstrate a novel and stable frequency transfer scheme over ground-to-satellite link based on real-time carrier-phase detection and compensation. We performed a zero-baseline measurement with the designed system, an uninterrupted frequency standard signal is recovered in the reception station without additional post-correction of delay error caused in the route, which is because the phase error of the entire route is tracked and compensated continuously in real-time. To achieve this goal, we employed two carriers in the system and the differential signal is transferred in order to eliminate the instability results from the local oscillator at the satellite transponder as well as the common-mode noise induced in the transfer route and microwave components. The stability of 3 10⁻¹⁶ with an integration time of 1 day was achieved and the time fluctuation during one day was measured to be about 20 ps. Error sources and possible solutions are discussed. Our zero-baseline method shows a promising result for real-time satellite-based time and frequency transfer and deserves further research to find whether it works between long-baseline stations.

我们展示了一种基于实时载波相位检测和补偿的地面到卫星链路上的新颖且稳定的频率传输方案。我们用设计的系统进行了零基线测量，在接收站恢复了一个不间断的频率标准信号，而没有额外的对路径中引起的延迟误差进行后校正，这是因为整个路径的相位误差都被跟踪和补偿了连续实时。为了实现这一目标，我们在系统中采用了两个载波并传输差分信号，以消除卫星转发器本地振荡器的不稳定性以及传输路径和微波组件中引起的共模噪声。3 10 ^-16的稳定性积分时间为 1 天，测得一天内的时间波动约为 20 ps。讨论了错误来源和可能的解决方案。我们的零基线方法在基于卫星的实时时间和频率传输方面显示出有希望的结果，值得进一步研究以发现它是否在长基线站之间工作。