We consider a Bose–Einstein condensate, which is confined in a very tight toroidal/annular trap, in the presence of a potential, which breaks the axial symmetry of the Hamiltonian. We investigate the stationary states of the condensate, when its density distribution co-rotates with the symmetry-breaking potential. As the strength of the potential increases, we have a gradual transition from vortex excitation to solid-body-like motion. Of particular importance are states where the system is static and yet it has a nonzero current/circulation, which is a realization of persistent currents/reflectionless potentials.

中文翻译：

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玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚原子在不对称环势中旋转的静止状态

我们考虑一个 Bose-Einstein 凝聚体，它被限制在一个非常紧密的环形/环形陷阱中，存在一个打破哈密顿量轴对称性的势能。我们研究了冷凝物的稳态，当其密度分布与对称破坏势同向旋转时。随着势能强度的增加，我们逐渐从涡流激发过渡到类固体运动。特别重要的是系统是静态但它具有非零电流/循环的状态，这是持续电流/无反射电位的实现。