A-356 aluminum alloy stepped casted workpiece were prepared with step casting technique was investigated for the mechanical properties and porosity defects using various gating elements (ingate/runner) profiles. Similarly, casted workpieces were produced using single and double gating elements with circular (vortex free), square and rectangular runner and ingate profiles. Hardness (HV) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the thick section prepared from single circular runner/ingate system was more in comparison to thin and thinnest sections extracted at respective heights. Similarly, hardness and tensile strengths of thick specimen prepared from double ingate/runner having circular shape was found greater in comparison to thin and thinnest sections accordingly. SEM images depicted increase of porosity levels in thin and thinnest sections prepared from single or double within workpiece manufactured from circular runner & ingate arrangements respectively. In addition, X-ray diffraction results further revealed increase in crystallite size, hardness and tensile strength for specimens manufactured through circular profiled single or double runner/ingate arrangement. The prepared specimens also follow inverse Hall-Petch and D ²/%P statistical fit with p < 0.05 between hardness and crystallite size. Hence, the specimen with lower crystallite size or finer grains depicted attenuated mechanical properties due to higher porosity levels. In other words, D ²/%P index ratio value <1.40 (≥95% data points follows) exhibited reductions in mechanical properties accompanied by decreasing crystallite size and vise-versa. Moreover, double gating runner & ingate combination exhibited comparatively lesser pores relative to single gating design. Hence, this study suggests double runner & ingate arrangement accompanied with circular cross-section are appropriate for large size step castings or complicated geometries production in foundries.

A-356铝合金阶梯浇铸工件采用阶梯浇铸技术制备，采用各种浇注元件（浇道/浇道）型材研究其力学性能和气孔缺陷。类似地，铸造工件是使用具有圆形（无涡流）、方形和矩形流道和内浇口轮廓的单和双浇口元件生产的。硬度 ( HV ) 和极限抗拉强度 ( UTS)) 从单个圆形流道/内浇道系统制备的厚截面与在各自高度提取的薄截面和最薄截面相比更多。类似地，发现由圆形双内浇口/流道制备的厚试样的硬度和抗拉强度与相应的薄截面和最薄截面相比更大。SEM 图像描绘了分别由圆形流道和内浇口布置制造的工件内单层或双层制备的薄部分和最薄部分的孔隙率水平增加。此外，X 射线衍射结果进一步揭示了通过圆形异型单流道/内浇道/内浇道排列制造的试样的微晶尺寸、硬度和拉伸强度增加。制备的试样也遵循逆霍尔-佩奇和D ²/% P统计拟合，硬度和微晶尺寸之间p < 0.05。因此，具有较低微晶尺寸或较细晶粒的试样由于较高的孔隙率水平而表现出减弱的机械性能。换句话说，D ² /% P指数比值<1.40（≥95% 数据点如下）表现出机械性能的降低伴随着微晶尺寸的减小，反之亦然。此外，与单浇口设计相比，双浇口流道和内浇口组合表现出相对较小的孔隙。因此，这项研究表明，双流道和内浇口布置以及圆形横截面适用于大型阶梯铸件或铸造厂的复杂几何形状生产。