In this paper, a general three-dimensional finite element model composed of eight-node three-dimension cohesive elements and eight-node solid elements with reduced integration for low-velocity impact analysis of composite materials is established. Firstly, the continuum damage mechanics is applied to simulate the initiation and evolution of the intra-laminar damage. Based on cohesive zone model, the cohesive elements are inserted between layers to predict the inter-laminar damage. Three failure criteria, including 2D Hashin, 3D Hashin and Chang-Chang criteria, are coded in VUMAT and are implemented in ABAQUS/Explicit. The numerical results of energy time curves, force time curves, force displacement curves and damage distribution under three impact energies (7.35 J, 11.03 J and 14.7 J) are in good agreement with previously published data in literature, which indicates that the finite element model is suitable for studying the mechanical response and damage distribution of composites laminates subjected to low-velocity impact. Moreover, the influence of stacking sequence and friction coefficient on mechanical response and damage distribution is analyzed. It is concluded that the composite laminate with a stacking sequence of [45/0/−45/90]_S can reduce the area of damage region compared to [0/90]_2S because the 45 layer can improve the shear resistance of composite laminate. Also, the computation accuracy will be the best when the friction coefficient is adopted between 0.5 and 0.7.

本文建立了一个由八节点三维内聚单元和八节点实体单元组成的复合材料低速冲击分析通用三维有限元模型。首先，应用连续介质损伤力学模拟层内损伤的发生和演化。基于粘性带模型，在层间插入粘性元素来预测层间损伤。三个失效准则，包括 2D Hashin、3D Hashin 和 Chang-Chang 准则，在 VUMAT 中编码并在 ABAQUS/Explicit 中实现。三种冲击能量（7.35 J、11.03 J和14.0）下的能量时间曲线、力时间曲线、力位移曲线和损伤分布的数值结果。7 J) 与文献中先前发表的数据非常吻合，这表明有限元模型适用于研究复合材料层压板在低速冲击下的力学响应和损伤分布。此外，还分析了堆叠顺序和摩擦系数对机械响应和损伤分布的影响。得出的结论是，具有[45/0/-45/90]的堆叠顺序的复合层压板与[0/90] _2S相比，_S可以减少损伤区域的面积，因为45层可以提高复合层压板的抗剪强度。此外，当摩擦系数在 0.5 和 0.7 之间时，计算精度最好。