To develop flexible and tough composite materials with out-of-plane aligned thermally conductive pathways, a novel freeze-casting method was developed using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), carbon nanofibers (CFs), slide-ring polymers (SRs), and cross-linkers. Porous composite materials composed of SR and plasma-surface-modified CFs were obtained. Using DMSO, which has a high melting point (19 °C) and high polymer solubility, the SR cross-linking reaction was performed during freeze-casting. The CFs were treated with plasma before composite preparation for better affinity and dispersibility to the composites. The obtained porous composites contained thermally conductive pathways in the out-of-plane direction and exhibited a low Young’s modulus (0.14 MPa). The composite with a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) elastomer embedded into its pores exhibited a low Young’s modulus (3.62 MPa), high toughness (10.0 MJ/m³), and high thermal conductivity in the out-of-plane direction (0.57 W/mK). The proposed freeze-casting method can be applied for the fabrication of various polymers and fillers and is promising for the development of flexible porous composite elastomers with out-of-plane aligned thermally conductive pathways.

为了开发具有平面外对齐导热路径的柔性和坚韧复合材料，使用二甲基亚砜 (DMSO)、碳纳米纤维 (CFs)、滑环聚合物 (SRs) 和交叉链接器。获得了由SR和等离子体表面改性的CFs组成的多孔复合材料。使用具有高熔点 (19 °C) 和高聚合物溶解度的 DMSO，在冷冻浇铸过程中进行 SR 交联反应。CFs 在复合材料制备前用等离子体处理，以提高对复合材料的亲和力和分散性。所获得的多孔复合材料在面外方向包含导热通路，并表现出低杨氏模量（0.14 MPa）。³ )，以及面外方向的高热导率 (0.57 W/mK)。所提出的冷冻浇铸方法可用于制造各种聚合物和填料，并有望用于开发具有平面外对齐导热路径的柔性多孔复合弹性体。