Cathodes play an essential role in evaluating the performance such as power density and especially the cost of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Various types of cathodes such as air–cathode, aqueous air–cathode and bio-cathodes are used for MFCs in presence and absence of catalysts. The performance of these cathodes is differentiated in terms of their electrochemical performance, polarization and (or) power density. The material of cathodes significantly improves the power density as well as the electrochemical performance due to higher oxidation reduction reaction (ORR). The performance of cathodes can be improved by using an appropriate catalyst loading. This study reports the use of various cathodes such as air–cathode, aqueous air–cathode, and bio-cathode and their performance in terms of polarization and power density, and electrochemical performance (such as Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV), Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)). Studies suggest that the air-cathodes provide better performance as compared to the other types of cathodes. Furthermore, the metal complexes such as Fe–N₄ (catalyst) when embedded with other materials like activated carbon significantly improve the performance of the air–cathode.

阴极在评估功率密度等性能，尤其是微生物燃料电池 (MFC) 的成本方面起着至关重要的作用。各种类型的阴极，如空气阴极、水溶液空气阴极和生物阴极，可用于在存在和不存在催化剂的情况下生产 MFC。这些阴极的性能在电化学性能、极化和（或）功率密度方面有所不同。由于更高的氧化还原反应（ORR），阴极材料显着提高了功率密度和电化学性能。阴极的性能可以通过使用适当的催化剂负载来提高。本研究报告了各种阴极的使用，如空气阴极、水相空气阴极和生物阴极，以及它们在极化和功率密度方面的性能，和电化学性能（例如线性扫描伏安法 (LSV)、循环伏安法 (CV) 和电化学阻抗谱 (EIS)）。研究表明，与其他类型的阴极相比，空气阴极具有更好的性能。此外，金属络合物如 Fe-N₄（催化剂）当嵌入活性炭等其他材料时，可显着提高空气阴极的性能。