Background

Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction provides successful clinical outcomes. However, reconstruction cannot restore normative lower limb mechanics during running. While numerous studies have investigated running characteristics in individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, no study has been compared foot strike patterns among them.

Research question

If ground reaction forces and lower extremity muscle activities in individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and healthy control ones differ during three running strike patterns?

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, fourteen healthy adult males and fourteen adult males with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction were recruited to participate. Surface electromyography of selected lower limb muscles and ground reaction forces were measured during three-strike patterns: rearfoot strike pattern, midfoot strike pattern, and forefoot strike pattern during barefoot running (∼ 3.3 m/s).

Results

The results revealed that the strike patterns influenced the peak lateral ground reaction force (P < 0.001) and peak vertical impact ground reaction force (P = 0.002) during the stance phase of running for both groups. The strike pattern also influenced the tibialis anterior (P < 0.001) and vastus lateralis (P = 0.035) activities during the early stance phase for both groups. However, the vastus medialis (P = 0.030) presented reduced activity, and the biceps femoris (P = 0.039) presented increased activity in the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction group. Tibialis anterior (P = 0.021), gastrocnemius medialis (P < 0.001) and vastus medialis (P < 0.001) presented lesser activity irrespective of strike patterns in the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction group.

Significance

Running with a forefoot strike pattern may be associated with lesser rearfoot eversion due to lower peak lateral ground reaction forces than running with a rearfoot strike pattern or midfoot strike pattern. Moreover, the altered muscle activities could contribute to the elevated risk of future joint injury in the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction population.

中文翻译：

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不同跑步打击模式下前交叉韧带重建个体的地面反作用力和肌肉活动分析

背景

前交叉韧带重建提供了成功的临床结果。然而，重建并不能在跑步过程中恢复正常的下肢力学。虽然许多研究调查了前交叉韧带重建患者的跑步特征，但没有研究比较他们的足部撞击模式。

研究问题

前交叉韧带重建者和健康对照者的地面反作用力和下肢肌肉活动是否在三种跑步打击模式中不同？

方法

在这项横断面研究中，招募了 14 名健康成年男性和 14 名进行前交叉韧带重建的成年男性参与。在三种打击模式中测量选定下肢肌肉的表面肌电图和地面反作用力：后足打击模式、中足打击模式和赤脚跑步期间的前足打击模式（~3.3 m/s）。

结果

结果表明，在跑步的站立阶段，撞击模式影响了峰值横向地面反作用力（P < 0.001）和峰值垂直撞击地面反作用力（P = 0.002）。罢工模式还影响了两组早期站立阶段的胫骨前肌（P < 0.001）和股外侧肌（P = 0.035）活动。然而，在前交叉韧带重建组中，股内侧肌 (P = 0.030) 活动减少，股二头肌 (P = 0.039) 活动增加。胫骨前肌 (P = 0.021)、腓肠肌 (P < 0.001) 和股内侧肌 (P < 0.001) 在前交叉韧带重建组中表现出较小的活​​动，无论罢工模式如何。

意义

由于与后足撞击模式或中足撞击模式相比，前足撞击模式的峰值横向地面反作用力较低，因此前足撞击模式跑步可能与较少的后足外翻相关。此外，改变的肌肉活动可能会增加前交叉韧带重建人群未来关节损伤的风险。