Lyme borreliosis (LB), the most prevalent vector-borne disease in Europe, is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex species and transmitted by the tick Ixodes ricinus. The Czech Republic is an endemic country for LB. The disease affects the skin, neurological, musculoskeletal, cardiac or ocular tissue, and the most frequent clinical manifestations are erythema migrans and Lyme neuroborreliosis. In 2018, the EU case definition of Lyme neuroborreliosis was published, and neuroborreliosis has become reportable to the European Surveillance System. In this paper, we describe the LB surveillance system and reporting of human cases in the Czech Republic. Epidemiological characteristics of Lyme borreliosis are presented for 2018 and 2019. Gaps in and limitations of the existing national LB surveillance system were identified with regard to the reporting of neuroborreliosis in accordance with the EU case definition. In the Czech Republic, LB surveillance is nationwide, comprehensive, and mandatory. Case based data on all clinical manifestations of incident LB are reported to the electronic Information System of Infectious Diseases (ISIN). In 2018 and 2019, 4724 and 4102 LB cases, i.e., 44.5 and 38.4 cases per 100,000 population, were reported to ISIN, respectively. Overall, 46.3 % of cases were male and 53.7 % were female. The highest morbidity was observed in adults 50–75 and children 5–9 years old. The most affected regions were Vysočina and Olomoucký. Nine districts recorded more than 100 cases per 100,000 population. Erythema migrans appeared in 3173 (67.2 %) and 2756 (67.2 %) patients in 2018 and 2019, respectively. In 2018, 596 (12.6 %) Lyme neuroborreliosis cases were diagnosed only on the basis of clinical manifestations while in 2019, a total of 567 (13.8 %) cases of neuroborreliosis fully meeting the EU case definition were reported. The Czech Republic is an endemic country for LB with some hotspots, similar to some central, northern and north-eastern European countries. To implement the EU neuroborreliosis surveillance in the Czech Republic, ISIN technical update, addition of required variables to it, preparation of legislation update, and training of health professionals were needed.

莱姆疏螺旋体病 (LB) 是欧洲最流行的病媒传播疾病，由伯氏疏螺旋体复合种引起，并通过蓖麻硬蜱传播. 捷克共和国是 LB 的流行国家。该疾病影响皮肤、神经系统、肌肉骨骼、心脏或眼部组织，最常见的临床表现是红斑移行症和莱姆神经疏螺旋体病。2018 年，欧盟公布了莱姆神经疏螺旋体病的病例定义，神经疏螺旋体病已成为可向欧洲监测系统报告的病例。在本文中，我们描述了捷克共和国的 LB 监测系统和人类病例报告。介绍了 2018 年和 2019 年莱姆疏螺旋体病的流行病学特征。根据欧盟病例定义，在报告神经疏螺旋体病方面确定了现有国家 LB 监测系统的差距和局限性。在捷克共和国，LB 监测是全国性的、全面的和强制性的。有关 LB 事件的所有临床表现的基于病例的数据将报告给传染病电子信息系统 (ISIN)。2018 年和 2019 年，向 ISIN 报告的 LB 病例分别为 4724 和 4102 例，即每 100,000 人中 44.5 例和 38.4 例。总体而言，46.3% 的病例为男性，53.7% 为女性。在 50-75 岁的成年人和 5-9 岁的儿童中观察到的发病率最高。受影响最严重的地区是 Vysočina 和 Olomoucký。九个地区每 10 万人口中记录的病例超过 100 例。2018 年和 2019 年分别有 3173 名（67.2%）和 2756 名（67.2%）患者出现了红斑。2018 年，仅根据临床表现诊断出 596 例（12.6 %）莱姆神经疏螺旋体病病例，而 2019 年共有 567 例（13. 8 %) 报告了完全符合欧盟病例定义的神经疏螺旋体病例。捷克共和国是 LB 的流行国家，有一些热点，类似于一些中欧、北欧和东北欧国家。为了在捷克共和国实施欧盟神经疏螺旋体病监测，需要更新 ISIN 技术、为其添加所需变量、准备立法更新以及培训卫生专业人员。