Over the past decade human associated multidrug resistant (MDR) and hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae lineages have been increasingly detected in wildlife. This study investigated the occurrence of K. pneumoniae species complex (KpSC) in grey-headed flying foxes (GHFF), an Australian fruit bat. Thirty-nine KpSC isolates were cultured from 275 GHFF faecal samples (14.2%), comprising K. pneumoniae (n = 30), Klebsiella africana (n = 8) and Klebsiella variicola subsp. variicola (n = 1). The majority (79.5%) of isolates belonged to novel sequence types (ST), including two novel K. africana STs. This is the first report of K. africana outside of Africa and in a non-human host. A minority (15.4%) of GHFF KpSC isolates shared STs with human clinical K. pneumoniae strains, of which, none belonged to MDR clonal lineages that cause frequent nosocomial outbreaks, and no isolates were characterised as hypervirulent. The occurrence of KpSC isolates carrying acquired antimicrobial resistance genes in GHFF was low (1.1%), with three K. pneumoniae isolates harbouring both fluoroquinolone and trimethoprim resistance genes. This study indicates that GHFF are not reservoirs for MDR and hypervirulent KpSC strains, but they do carry novel K. africana lineages. Health risks associated with KpSC carriage by GHFF are deemed low for the public and GHFF.

在过去十年中，越来越多地在野生动物中检测到人类相关多重耐药 (MDR) 和高毒力的肺炎克雷伯菌谱系。本研究调查了澳大利亚果蝠灰头狐蝠 (GHFF) 中肺炎克雷伯菌种复合体 (KpSC)的发生情况。从 275 个 GHFF 粪便样本 (14.2%) 中培养出 39 个 KpSC 分离株，包括肺炎克雷伯菌( n  = 30)、非洲克雷伯菌( n  = 8) 和天花克雷伯菌亚种。天花（n  = 1）。大多数 (79.5%) 分离株属于新序列类型 (ST)，包括两个新的K. 非洲STs。这是非洲以外和非人类宿主中K.africana的第一份报告。少数 (15.4%) GHFF KpSC 分离株与人类临床肺炎克雷伯菌菌株共享 ST ，其中没有一个属于引起频繁医院爆发的 MDR 克隆谱系，并且没有分离株被表征为高毒力。GHFF 中携带获得性抗菌素耐药基因的 KpSC 分离株的发生率较低 (1.1%)，其中三个肺炎克雷伯菌分离株同时携带氟喹诺酮和甲氧苄啶耐药基因。这项研究表明 GHFF 不是 MDR 和高毒力 KpSC 菌株的储存库，但它们确实携带新的非洲 K.血统。GHFF 携带 KpSC 相关的健康风险被认为对公众和 GHFF 来说很低。