Metamaterials-based acoustic sensing technologies play an important role in many practical applications, such as structural health monitoring, sound source localization, underwater acoustic communication, etc. Here, we propose a gradient acoustic metamaterial (GAM) with tunablity for acoustic sensing. The proposed tunable GAM consists of an array of plates and couples with springs, which enables the working frequency band to be broadened and adjusted by compressing the springs to change the air gap distance between every two plates. The numerical and experimental results show that a more than 300 Hz bandwidth is broadened based on the tunable GAM. Furthermore, we take Gaussian pulse signal as an example to prove the importance of tunablity in the field of acoustic sensing. We believe that the flexibility of tunable GAMs will be more suitable in practical applications.

基于超材料的声学传感技术在许多实际应用中发挥着重要作用，如结构健康监测、声源定位、水声通信等。在这里，我们提出了一种具有可调性的声学传感梯度声学超材料（GAM）。所提出的可调 GAM 由一系列板组成，并与弹簧耦合，通过压缩弹簧来改变每两个板之间的气隙距离，从而能够拓宽和调整工作频带。数值和实验结果表明，基于可调 GAM 拓宽了 300 Hz 以上的带宽。此外，我们以高斯脉冲信号为例来证明可调性在声学传感领域的重要性。