Biochar (BC) derived from agricultural biomass is effective at immobilizing phthalate in the agricultural soil environment. In this study, we assessed the effects of 0.5%, 1%, and 2% BC and Fe-Mn oxide-modified biochar (FMBC) addition on dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) residues and biochemical characteristics in the rhizosphere soil of mature wheat polluted with DBP and DEHP using a pot experiment. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the surfaces and pores of BC and FMBC adhered soil mineral particles after remediation. Therefore, DBP and DEHP residues were increased in BC- and FMBC-treated soils. Illumina HiSeq sequencing showed that, compared with the control, BC and FMBC addition significantly enhanced the relative abundance of Firmicutes and reduced Proteobacteria. The abundance of Sphenodons and Pseudomonas, which degrade phthalates, tended to be higher in FMBC-amended soils than in BC-amended and control soils. This result may be related to an increase in available nutrients and organic matter following BC and FMBC application. Subsequently, the changes in soil bacterial abundance and community structure induced an increase in polyphenol oxidase, β-glucosidase, neutral phosphatase, and protease activity in BC and FMBC remediation. In comparison with the BC treatment, FMBC addition had a significantly positive effect on enzyme activity, and the microbial structure and was therefore more effective at immobilizing DBP and DEHP in the soil. Thus, our findings strongly suggest that FMBC is a reliable remediation material for phthalate-contaminated soil.

源自农业生物质的生物炭 (BC) 可有效地将邻苯二甲酸酯固定在农业土壤环境中。在本研究中，我们评估了 0.5%、1% 和 2% BC 和 Fe-Mn 氧化物改性生物炭 (FMBC) 添加对邻苯二甲酸二丁酯 (DBP) 和邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯 (DEHP) 残留的影响DBP和DEHP污染成熟小麦根际土壤的盆栽试验和生化特性研究。扫描电镜显示，修复后BC和FMBC的表面和孔隙粘附了土壤矿物颗粒。因此，在 BC 和 FMBC 处理的土壤中，DBP 和 DEHP 残留量增加。Illumina HiSeq 测序显示，与对照相比，添加 BC 和 FMBC 显着提高了厚壁菌门的相对丰度并减少了变形菌门。Sphenodons和Pseudomonas的丰富性降解邻苯二甲酸酯的 ，在 FMBC 修正的土壤中往往高于 BC 修正和对照土壤。该结果可能与施用 BC 和 FMBC 后可用养分和有机物质的增加有关。随后，土壤细菌丰度和群落结构的变化导致 BC 和 FMBC 修复中多酚氧化酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶、中性磷酸酶和蛋白酶活性的增加。与 BC 处理相比，添加 FMBC 对酶活性和微生物结构具有显着的积极影响，因此更有效地固定土壤中的 DBP 和 DEHP。因此，我们的研究结果强烈表明，FMBC 是一种可靠的邻苯二甲酸盐污染土壤修复材料。