Electrospun fibrous distillation membrane (EFDM), owing to its low mass transfer resistance for relatively high-water flux, has attracted significant attention to the treatment of high salinity wastewater with membrane distillation. However, a significant challenge in using EFDM for desalination of high-salinity wastewaters is pore wetting induced by scaling. Herein, we designed a firm-pore superhydrophobic fibrous membrane via a facile and scalable electrospinning in combination with dip-coating methods, which displayed a high-water flux of about 28.5 L/m²·h (ΔT = 40 °C) and unexpected durability (>312 h) in the long-term running of direct contact membrane distillation. Significantly, we also systematically investigate the effect of surface wettability and pore structure on the durability of EFDM. The experiments and simulations demonstrate that the formation of firm-pore among the EFDM has a substantial influence on the membrane durability when desalinating high salinity wastewaters, owing to the avoidance of pore deformation influenced by the feedwaters turbulent on the EFDM surface. Meanwhile, the superhydrophobic surface also helps reducing the contact area between the crystals and the salts to further improve the membrane durability. The theory simulation may provide new insight into designing novel structured fibrous membrane to improve the fibrous membrane stability in MD.

电纺纤维蒸馏膜（EFDM）由于其相对较高的水通量具有较低的传质阻力，因此在膜蒸馏处理高盐度废水方面引起了极大的关注。然而，使用 EFDM 对高盐度废水进行脱盐的一个重大挑战是结垢引起的孔隙润湿。在此，我们通过简单且可扩展的静电纺丝结合浸涂方法设计了一种坚固的孔超疏水纤维膜，其水通量约为 28.5 L/m ²·h (ΔT = 40 °C) 和在直接接触膜蒸馏的长期运行中出乎意料的耐用性 (>312 h)。重要的是，我们还系统地研究了表面润湿性和孔隙结构对 EFDM 耐久性的影响。实验和模拟表明，EFDM 中硬孔的形成对高盐度废水脱盐时膜的耐久性有重大影响，因为避免了 EFDM 表面上给水湍流影响的孔隙变形。同时，超疏水表面还有助于减少晶体与盐类之间的接触面积，进一步提高膜的耐久性。理论模拟可能为设计新型结构化纤维膜以提高纤维膜在 MD 中的稳定性提供新的见解。