This paper argues that the classification of propositional attitudes into the de re, de dicto, and de se is incomplete. De se attitudes are widely agreed to be closely connected to de re attitudes. But there is a species of belief that is linked to agent-centered action in the way that de se beliefs are, but is also associated with entities, places, and especially times, under a description. These mark out a fourth kind. One way to think about what makes them distinctive is that, despite being ‘essentially indexical’ they can be retained across different contexts of evaluation without having diagonal content. The paper also discusses the connection between such beliefs and the kinds of utterances (like ‘Don't put off for tomorrow what you can do today’) that are contested as examples of what David Kaplan called ‘monsters.’

中文翻译：

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不要停止思考明天：自己的态度和行动的态度

本文认为将命题态度分类为de re、de dicto和de se是不完整的。De se态度被广泛认为与de re态度密切相关。但是有一种信念与以行为者为中心的行为相关联，就像de se信念一样，但也与实体、地点，尤其是时间相关联，在描述下. 这些标志着第四种。思考是什么使它们与众不同的一种方法是，尽管它们“本质上是索引性的”，但它们可以在不同的评估上下文中保留而无需对角线内容。该论文还讨论了这些信念与各种言论（例如“今天能做的事，不要推迟到明天”）之间的联系，这些言论被视为大卫·卡普兰所说的“怪物”的例子。