The hype surrounding the emergence of nanotechnology proved extremely effective to raise public attention and controversies in the early 2000s. A proactive attitude prevailed resulting in the integration of social scientists upstream at the research level, research programs on Ethical, Legal and Societal Impacts (ELSI), and various public engagement initiatives such as nanojury and citizen conferences. Twenty years later, what happened to the promises of SHS integration and public engagement in nanotechnology? Was it part of the hype, one of the many promises made by the champions of nanotechnology initiatives that never materialized? As a contribution to this broad question, this paper focuses on public engagement initiatives in France and ventures some general reflections on their fate. I will first report, from an insider’s perspective, the public debates conducted by a civil society organization VivAgora, in the national context of fierce controversies (2005–2009). Then I will describe the permanent forum NanoRESP opened in 2013 when nano controversies waned out. On the basis of this case study, I will argue that the STS ideal of co-production of science and society gradually gave way to a more modest co-learning process between stakeholders in the 2010s.

围绕纳米技术出现的炒作在 2000 年代初期被证明非常有效地引起了公众的关注和争议。积极主动的态度导致了上游社会科学家在研究层面的整合，伦理、法律和社会影响（ELSI）的研究计划，以及各种公众参与倡议，如纳米陪审团和公民会议。20 年后，SHS 整合和公众参与纳米技术的承诺发生了什么变化？它是否是炒作的一部分，是纳米技术倡议的拥护者做出的许多从未实现的承诺之一？作为对这一广泛问题的贡献，本文重点关注法国的公众参与倡议，并对它们的命运进行一些一般性的思考。我先从业内人士的角度报道，民间社会组织 VivAgora 在激烈争论的国家背景下进行的公开辩论（2005-2009 年）。然后我将描述在纳米争议消退时于 2013 年开设的常设论坛 NanoRESP。在这个案例研究的基础上，我将论证科学与社会共同生产的 STS 理想在 2010 年代逐渐让位于利益相关者之间更温和的共同学习过程。