In this research work, undoped and slight Fe-doped-TiO₂ nanoparticles (Fe–TiO₂ NPs) were prepared using simple chemical sol–gel method and post-annealing temperature at 550 °C. This method is less expensive, and can be easily implemented. The samples were prepared using titanium (IV) isopropoxide (TTIP) as precursor, and iron sulfate hypetahydrate (FeSO₄·7H₂O) as doping sources. The crystalline structure, morphological, and optical proprieties were obtained using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and UV–Vis in mode diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). XRD result of Fe-doped samples showed a tetragonal structure and the presence of anatase–rutile mixed phase of TiO₂. Fe (III) can be easily incorporated in the TiO₂ lattice without disturbing the tetragonal system of TiO₂. Analysis by UV–Vis in DRS mode reveals improvement in absorption efficiency in the visible range for Fe-doped TiO₂. The nanoparticles formation is confirmed by SEM images. These nanoparticles can be used as photoanode in solar cells and photocatalytic activity. Our results show that doping with 1% Fe significantly improved the efficiency of the photo-absorption resulting in the visible shift. This shift is connected to the decrease in TiO₂ band gap as measured by using Kabelka–Munk function F(R) and confirmed by the values of Urbach energy. Moreover, the prepared Fe-doped TiO₂ samples containing mixtures of anatase and rutile nanoparticles with appropriate proportions, which can be used in solar cell application.

在这项研究工作中，使用简单的化学溶胶-凝胶法和 550 °C 的后退火温度制备了未掺杂和轻微掺杂 Fe 的 TiO ₂纳米颗粒（Fe-TiO ₂ NPs）。这种方法成本较低，而且很容易实现。样品以异丙醇钛 (IV) (TTIP) 为前驱体，硫酸铁五水合物 (FeSO ₄ ·7H ₂O) 作为掺杂源。使用 X 射线衍射 (XRD)、配备能量色散 X 射线光谱 (EDX) 的扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 和 UV-Vis 模式漫反射光谱 (DRS) 获得晶体结构、形态和光学特性。 ）。Fe掺杂样品的XRD结果显示出四方结构和TiO ₂锐钛矿-金红石混合相的存在。的Fe（III）可在二氧化钛可以容易地并入₂晶格不干扰TiO 2的四方晶系₂。DRS 模式下的 UV-Vis 分析揭示了 Fe 掺杂 TiO ₂在可见光范围内的吸收效率的提高. 通过 SEM 图像确认纳米颗粒的形成。这些纳米颗粒可用作太阳能电池中的光阳极和光催化活性。我们的结果表明，掺杂 1% 的 Fe 显着提高了光吸收效率，从而导致了可见光偏移。这种转变与使用 Kabelka-Munk 函数F ( R )测量并由Urbach 能量值证实的TiO ₂带隙的减小有关。此外，制备的Fe掺杂TiO ₂样品含有适当比例的锐钛矿和金红石纳米颗粒的混合物，可用于太阳能电池应用。