As a major cause of deaths in developed countries, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a steadily growing burden for health systems. In particular, early and rapid detection of CVD is important for on time appropriate therapy so as to reduce the mortality rate. Aptamers, known as single-stranded DNA/RNA or oligonucleotides containing receptors and/or catalytic properties, have been widely employed in biodetection platforms due to their beneficial properties. Like antibodies, aptamers have served as artificial target receptors in affinity biosensors. Currently, advanced biosensors with improved sensitivity and specificity are fabricated by the synergistic combination of aptamers and diverse nanomaterials. Herein, we review the current development and applications of nanomaterial-based aptasensors for the recognition of CVD biomarkers with special emphasis on electrochemical and optical technologies. The performance of aptasensors has been assessed further in terms of key quality assurance metrics along with discussions on recent technologies developed for the amplification of signals with enhanced portability.

作为发达国家的主要死亡原因，心血管疾病 (CVD) 对卫生系统来说是一个稳步增长的负担。尤其是早期快速发现心血管疾病，对于及时进行适当的治疗以降低死亡率非常重要。适体，被称为单链 DNA/RNA 或含有受体和/或催化特性的寡核苷酸，由于其有益的特性，已广泛用于生物检测平台。与抗体一样，适体已在亲和生物传感器中充当人工靶标受体。目前，具有更高灵敏度和特异性的先进生物传感器是通过适体和多种纳米材料的协同组合制造的。在此处，我们回顾了基于纳米材料的适体传感器在识别 CVD 生物标志物方面的当前发展和应用，特别强调电化学和光学技术。适体传感器的性能在关键质量保证指标方面得到了进一步评估，同时还讨论了为增强可移植性放大信号而开发的最新技术。