Wearable and implantable medical devices are playing more and more key roles in disease diagnosis and health management. Various biosensors and systems have been used for respiration monitoring. Among them, self-powered sensors have some special characteristics such as low-cost, easy preparation, highly designable, and diversified. The respiratory airflow can drive the self-powered sensors directly to convert mechanical energy of the airflow into electricity. One of the major goals of the self-powered sensors and systems is realizing health monitoring and diagnosis. The relationship between the output signals and the models of respiratory diseases has not been studied deeply and clearly. Therefore, how to find an accurate relationship between them is a challenging and significant research topic. This review summarized the recent progress of the self-powered respiratory sensors and systems from aspects of device principle, output property, detecting index and so on. The challenges and perspectives have also been discussed for reference to the researchers who are interested in the field of self-powered sensors.

可穿戴和可植入医疗设备在疾病诊断和健康管理中发挥着越来越重要的作用。各种生物传感器和系统已用于呼吸监测。其中，自供电传感器具有成本低、制备容易、可设计性强、多样化等特点。呼吸气流可以直接驱动自供电传感器，将气流的机械能转化为电能。自供电传感器和系统的主要目标之一是实现健康监测和诊断。输出信号与呼吸系统疾病模型之间的关系尚未得到深入和明确的研究。因此，如何找到它们之间的准确关系是一个具有挑战性且意义重大的研究课题。本综述从装置原理、输出特性、检测指标等方面总结了自供电呼吸传感器及系统的最新进展。还讨论了挑战和前景，以供对自供电传感器领域感兴趣的研究人员参考。