Ports are unavoidable hubs of anthropogenic emissions owing to the dependence of landside and seaside operations on fossil fuels. Additionally, designing and implementing decarbonisation measures to mitigate climate change by reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in ports and beyond is a difficult issue. Therefore, this study aims to identify and analyse policy instruments and tools – implementation schemes – which ports implement to reduce GHG emissions, ultimately assisting in driving the uptake of technical and operational measures by port polluters, i.e. port, land transport, and shipping operators. This study was conducted by means of a systematic literature review (112 studies), and informed by a four-dimensional conceptual framework, i.e. port policymakers, port polluters, uptake of GHG emission reduction technical and operational measures, and the implementation schemes. The study differentiated between the technical and operational measures on one hand, and implementation schemes on the other. In addition to collating the schemes under five homogenous groups and nine categories; their characteristics, best practices, limitations and key issues, including opportunities, were discussed. Findings indicate that despite there being various challenges and issues in the implementation schemes, port policymakers, either public or port authorities, can utilise a variety of measures to reduce polluters' GHG emissions while at the same time maintaining business integrity. Nevertheless, monitoring of emissions, and identification of best performing combinations of implementation schemes along with inter-port and maritime stakeholders' and port policymakers' collaboration are the suggested way forward to better implement the measures and create a level playing field. While the results of this study contribute to improving the understanding of implementation of port GHG emission reduction, and enable port policymakers to make reliable decisions, it also contributes to academic knowledge and provides aspiring researchers with a fertile future research agenda.

由于陆上和海边作业对化石燃料的依赖，港口是不可避免的人为排放中心。此外，设计和实施脱碳措施以通过减少港口及其他地区的温室气体 (GHG) 排放来缓解气候变化是一个难题。因此，本研究旨在确定和分析政策工具和工具——实施方案——港口为减少温室气体排放而实施的，最终有助于推动港口污染者（即港口、陆路运输和航运运营商）采用技术和运营措施。本研究通过系统文献回顾（112 项研究）进行，并以四个维度的概念框架为依据，即港口政策制定者、港口污染者、采用温室气体减排技术和操作措施，以及实施方案。该研究一方面区分了技术和操作措施，另一方面区分了实施方案。除了将方案整理在五个同质组和九个类别下；讨论了它们的特点、最佳做法、局限性和关键问题，包括机会。调查结果表明，尽管实施计划中存在各种挑战和问题，港口政策制定者，无论是公共部门还是港口当局，都可以利用各种措施减少污染者的温室气体排放，同时保持商业诚信。然而，排放监测，确定最佳执行方案组合以及港口间和海事利益相关者和港口政策制定者的合作，是更好地实施这些措施和创造公平竞争环境的建议方法。虽然这项研究的结果有助于提高对港口温室气体减排实施的理解，并使港口决策者能够做出可靠的决策，但它也有助于学术知识，并为有抱负的研究人员提供丰富的未来研究议程。