Mass Spectrometry-Based Techniques to Elucidate the Sugar Code,Chemical Reviews

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Mass Spectrometry-Based Techniques to Elucidate the Sugar Code
Chemical Reviews ( IF 51.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-07 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00380
Márkó Grabarics _{1,

2} , Maike Lettow _{1,

2} , Carla Kirschbaum _{1,

2} , Kim Greis _{1,

2} , Christian Manz _{1,

2} , Kevin Pagel _{1,

2}

Affiliation

Cells encode information in the sequence of biopolymers, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and glycans. Although glycans are essential to all living organisms, surprisingly little is known about the “sugar code” and the biological roles of these molecules. The reason glycobiology lags behind its counterparts dealing with nucleic acids and proteins lies in the complexity of carbohydrate structures, which renders their analysis extremely challenging. Building blocks that may differ only in the configuration of a single stereocenter, combined with the vast possibilities to connect monosaccharide units, lead to an immense variety of isomers, which poses a formidable challenge to conventional mass spectrometry. In recent years, however, a combination of innovative ion activation methods, commercialization of ion mobility–mass spectrometry, progress in gas-phase ion spectroscopy, and advances in computational chemistry have led to a revolution in mass spectrometry-based glycan analysis. The present review focuses on the above techniques that expanded the traditional glycomics toolkit and provided spectacular insight into the structure of these fascinating biomolecules. To emphasize the specific challenges associated with them, major classes of mammalian glycans are discussed in separate sections. By doing so, we aim to put the spotlight on the most important element of glycobiology: the glycans themselves.

中文翻译：

基于质谱技术来阐明糖代码

细胞以生物聚合物序列编码信息，例如核酸、蛋白质和聚糖。尽管聚糖对所有生物体都是必不可少的，但令人惊讶的是，人们对“糖代码”和这些分子的生物学作用知之甚少。糖生物学落后于核酸和蛋白质领域的同行的原因在于碳水化合物结构的复杂性，这使得它们的分析极具挑战性。仅在单个立构中心的构型上有所不同的结构单元，加上连接单糖单元的巨大可能性，导致了种类繁多的异构体，这对传统质谱分析提出了巨大的挑战。然而，近年来，创新的离子激活方法、离子淌度质谱的商业化、气相离子光谱的进步以及计算化学的进步相结合，引发了基于质谱的聚糖分析的革命。本综述重点关注上述技术，这些技术扩展了传统的糖组学工具包，并为这些令人着迷的生物分子的结构提供了令人惊叹的见解。为了强调与之相关的具体挑战，哺乳动物聚糖的主要类别将在单独的部分中讨论。通过这样做，我们的目标是将注意力集中在糖生物学中最重要的元素上：聚糖本身。

更新日期：2021-09-07

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