Introduction

While the health benefits of cycling and walking have been well established, questions remain about whether these benefits hold in varying socioeconomic contexts, including across demographic groups and in the context of neighborhood change. This study examines this relationship, identifying associations between cycling or walking and self-reported health, whether socioeconomic status moderates these associations, and whether gentrification influences the potential moderating effects.

Methods

This study uses the 2017 US National Household Travel Survey, subset to adults who lived in central cities (n = 91,541). Weighted logistic regression models with interaction terms were fit to estimate self-reported health status separately for cycling and walking. Gentrification was measured using an indicator based on previous research using US Census data.

Results

Cycling in the previous week and each additional walking trip were associated with higher odds of reporting better health. Socioeconomic status moderated the positive associations between active transportation and health for a few variables. Cyclists of color had smaller health effects from cycling for utilitarian trips, while race and ethnicity had only a marginal moderating effect on the association between walking and health. Gentrification was an insignificant moderating factor in general.

Conclusions

Findings suggest planning efforts that continue to support programs that promote cycling and walking are crucial tools in the public health toolbox. The health gains from active transportation might be experienced in a variety of neighborhood contexts. Nevertheless, infrastructure investments and policy must be attentive to inequities across neighborhoods.

中文翻译：

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骑自行车和步行对所有人都有好处吗？追踪积极旅行、社会经济、高档化和自我报告健康之间关联的差异

介绍

虽然骑自行车和步行对健康的好处已经确立，但这些好处是否适用于不同的社会经济背景，包括跨人口群体和社区变化的背景，仍然存在疑问。本研究考察了这种关系，确定了骑自行车或步行与自我报告的健康之间的关联，社会经济地位是否会调节这些关联，以及中产阶级化是否会影响潜在的调节作用。

方法

本研究使用了 2017 年美国全国家庭旅行调查，该调查是居住在中心城市的成年人的子集 ( n  = 91,541)。具有交互项的加权逻辑回归模型适合分别估计骑自行车和步行的自我报告的健康状况。绅士化是使用基于先前使用美国人口普查数据进行的研究的指标来衡量的。

结果

前一周骑自行车和每次额外步行都与报告更好的健康状况有关。社会经济地位在一些变量中调节了主动交通与健康之间的正相关关系。有色人种骑自行车进行功利性旅行对健康的影响较小，而种族和民族对步行与健康之间的关联只有微弱的调节作用。一般而言，高档化是一个微不足道的调节因素。

结论

调查结果表明，继续支持促进骑自行车和步行的计划的规划工作是公共卫生工具箱中的重要工具。主动交通带来的健康收益可能会在各种社区环境中体验到。然而，基础设施投资和政策必须关注社区之间的不平等。