This study aimed to prepare the fortified rice/flour with Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) stem powder to eliminate nutritional deficiency and improve bone health. Mineral analysis by atomic absorption spectroscopy revealed that the CQ stem has adequate quantities of calcium, magnesium, and a moderate amount of phosphorous to meet the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). Thus, the rice and flour were fortified with freeze-dried CQ stem powder to improve its nutraceutical contents. The fortification was done using standard vacuum impregnation and blending process. Furthermore, the recuperative activity of prepared fortified rice (CQFR) and flour (CQFF) was tested in chemically induced osteoporosis and osteoarthritis animal models. The efficiency of CQ fortified diet against these complications was confirmed by hematology, radiology, and histopathological analysis. The rat groups fed with CQFF/CQFR diet showed significant improvement from calcium deficiency and its allied physiological damage. Thus, this study confirms that the CQ fortified rice would provide recovery from skeletal complications associated with calcium deficiency through fixing both homeostasis and bio-accessibility of the calcium.

中文翻译：

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使用 Cissus quadrangularis L.（veldt 葡萄）茎粉强化生米和米粉，通过主食克服骨质疏松症及其相关骨骼并发症

本研究旨在用Cissus quadrangularis制备强化大米/面粉(CQ) 干粉消除营养不足，改善骨骼健康。原子吸收光谱的矿物质分析表明，CQ 茎含有足够量的钙、镁和适量的磷，以满足推荐膳食摄入量 (RDA)。因此，大米和面粉用冷冻干燥的 CQ 茎粉强化，以提高其营养成分。强化是使用标准真空浸渍和混合工艺完成的。此外，在化学诱导的骨质疏松症和骨关节炎动物模型中测试了制备的强化大米 (CQFR) 和面粉 (CQFF) 的调理活性。血液学、放射学和组织病理学分析证实了 CQ 强化饮食对这些并发症的有效性。喂食 CQFF/CQFR 饮食的大鼠组显示出钙缺乏及其相关生理损伤的显着改善。因此，这项研究证实，CQ 强化大米可以通过修复钙的稳态和生物可及性，从与缺钙相关的骨骼并发症中恢复。