Under changing climate, water scarcity and frequent incidence of diseases like stripe rust pose the biggest threat to sustainable crop production which jeopardizes nutritional security. A study was executed to rationalize crop water requirement and evaluate wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Bohoth 3) yield losses by stripe rust infection under irrigated conditions. Seven water treatments included three irrigations in three stages/season (), four irrigations (), and five irrigations () at the different sensitive growth stages, full (), and two deficit irrigation levels including of field capacity (FC) and (FC) along with farmers’ practice of irrigation as control (). Results revealed that and boosted grain yield by 31 and 14%. Overall, irrigation regime resulted in the highest grain production (2.93 ton/ha) as well as biomass yield (13.2 ton/ha). However, had the highest value of grain protein (15.9%) and achieved the highest application efficiency (AE) at midseason (54.6%) and end season (59.6%), and the lowest AE was under . Also, halting irrigation at the milky stage () led to a significant decrease in irrigation water use efficiency as compared to . However, cutting irrigation at the end of seedling, heading, and milky stages () caused a significant reduction in , crop water use (ET_a), and 1000 grain weight in comparison with all other treatments. Regarding yellow rust, irrigation regime resulted in the lowest incidence of yellow rust infection. The highest irrigation and water use efficiency values were recorded under (0.79 and 0.59 kg/m³), and the lowest values were obtained for control. Hence, the deficit irrigation treatment could be recommended as the best appropriate strategy to save more water and to improve the water productivity under Yemeni agroclimatic conditions.

中文翻译：

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灌溉合理化提高了小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）的产量并减少了干旱条件下的锈病发生率

在不断变化的气候下，水资源短缺和条锈病等疾病的频繁发生对可持续作物生产构成了最大威胁，危及营养安全。进行了一项研究以合理化作物需水量并评估灌溉条件下条锈病感染对小麦（Triticum aestivum L. cv. Bohoth 3）的产量损失。七种水处理包括三个阶段/季节的三灌（）、四灌（）和不同敏感生长阶段的五灌（）、全灌（）和两个亏缺灌溉水平，包括 场容量 (FC) 和 (FC) 以及农民的灌溉实践作为对照 ( )。结果表明，与由31和14％提高产量。总体而言，灌溉制度导致最高的粮食产量（2.93 吨/公顷）和生物量产量（13.2 吨/公顷）。然而，在季中（54.6%）和季末（59.6%）具有最高的谷物蛋白质值（15.9%）和最高的施用效率（AE），而最低的AE低于。此外，与 相比，在乳白色阶段停止灌溉 ( )导致灌溉用水效率显着降低。然而，在苗期、抽穗期和乳熟期末期减少灌溉 ( )与所有其他处理相比，作物用水量 (ET _a ) 和 1000 粒重显着减少。关于黄锈病，灌溉制度导致黄锈病感染的发生率最低。最高灌溉和用水效率值记录在(0.79 和 0.59 kg/m ³ ) 下，最低值记录在对照中。因此，可以推荐亏缺灌溉处理作为在也门农业气候条件下节省更多水和提高水生产力的最佳适当策略。