Sexual dimorphism is a common feature in animals, yet the degree of sexual dimorphism is not constant across taxa. Sometimes the magnitude of sexual dimorphism varies systematically with body size, resulting in evolutionary allometry of sexual dimorphism. While such patterns are commonly investigated for traits such as overall size, allometric variation in sexual dimorphism of other traits remains underexplored. Here, we characterize the evolutionary allometry of sexual dimorphism in a functional phenotypic trait (jumping performance) in anurans. Using morphology and anatomical approximations of jumping performance across 146 species, we test for evidence of the correlated selection model of sexual dimorphism evolution. We analyze patterns of evolutionary allometry of sexual dimorphism in key phenotypic traits, including: body size (snout-vent length and mass), relative leg length, relative leg muscle volume, mass-specific peak jumping energy, and peak jumping velocity. We find that as previously reported, sexual size dimorphism scales isometrically between species and is independent of sexual dimorphism in jumping performance. Notably, however, we found significant trends in the evolutionary allometry of sexual dimorphism in relative limb length, and in two components of jumping performance. Additionally, we found greater rates of evolution for females versus males in relative limb length, but not jumping performance. We also observed that the allometric trends in limb length dimorphism were related to performance allometry. Sexual dimorphism in jumping performance increased in species with high performance while females in high performance species displayed increased relative limb length. Thus, we hypothesize that selection acting on functional performance explains allometric patterns of sexual dimorphism in morphology. We discuss biological implications of our findings in relation to natural and sexual selection. This study highlights the types of insights one may gain by studying the allometry of sexual dimorphism from a functional perspective to learn about both patterns and processes in evolution.

性二态性是动物的一个共同特征，但性二态性的程度在整个类群中并不是恒定的。有时，两性异形的大小随体型系统地变化，导致两性异形的进化异速生长。虽然这些模式通常针对整体大小等特征进行研究，但其他特征的性别二态性的异速变异仍未得到充分探索。在这里，我们描述了无尾猿功能表型特征（跳跃性能）中性二态性的进化异速生长。使用跨 146 个物种的跳跃性能的形态学和解剖学近似值，我们测试了性二态进化的相关选择模型的证据。我们分析了关键表型特征中性别二态性的进化异速生长模式，包括：体型（口鼻部长度和质量）、相对腿长、相对腿部肌肉体积、特定质量的峰值跳跃能量和峰值跳跃速度。我们发现，如前所述，性别大小二态性在物种之间等距缩放，并且与跳跃性能中的性别二态性无关。然而，值得注意的是，我们发现相对肢体长度和跳跃性能的两个组成部分的两性异形的进化异速生长有显着趋势。此外，我们发现女性相对于男性在肢体长度方面的进化速度更高，但跳跃表现却没有。我们还观察到肢体长度二态性的异速生长趋势与性能异速生长有关。高性能物种中跳跃性能的性别二态性增加，而高性能物种中的雌性显示相对肢体长度增加。因此，我们假设作用于功能表现的选择解释了形态学中性别二态性的异速生长模式。我们讨论了与自然选择和性选择相关的研究结果的生物学意义。这项研究突出了通过从功能角度研究性别二态性异速生长以了解进化模式和过程可能获得的见解类型。