A comparative study between a catalyst with a small amount of a noble metal, Pd/HAC, and those with large amounts of non-noble metals, Co/HAC and Ni/HAC, was conducted. Specifically, the activity and selectivity of these catalysts in the hydrotreatment of Calophyllum inophyllum oil were evaluated. The loading metal contents of Pd, Co, and Ni were 0.43, 3.310, and 4.110 wt%. Hierarchical activated carbon (HAC) was synthesized from wasted Merbau Wood through CO₂ and H₂O activation and used as a support for the metals. Co, Ni, and Pd were impregnated into HAC by using the wet impregnation method. HAC showed a diffraction peak at 26.46°, pore size distribution of 1.356–6.160 nm, and specific surface area of 412.3 m² g⁻¹. Among the catalysts tested, Pd/HAC demonstrated the best catalytic performance, yielding 27.05 wt% liquid product (6.63 wt% gasoline; 17.6 wt% diesel oil). Impregnation of HAC with Pd enhanced catalytic properties by increasing the specific surface area to 524.0 m² g⁻¹ and acidity to 20.37 mmol g⁻¹.

对含有少量贵金属 Pd/HAC 的催化剂与含有大量非贵金属 Co/HAC 和 Ni/HAC 的催化剂进行了对比研究。具体地，评价了这些催化剂在Calophyllum inophyllum油的加氢处理中的活性和选择性。Pd、Co和Ni的负载金属含量分别为0.43、3.310和4.110wt%。分级活性炭 (HAC) 由废弃的印茄木通过 CO ₂和 H ₂ O 活化合成，并用作金属的载体。使用湿浸渍法将 Co、Ni 和 Pd 浸渍到 HAC 中。HAC 在 26.46° 处有一个衍射峰，孔径分布为 1.356-6.160 nm，比表面积为 412.3 m ²  g ^-1. 在测试的催化剂中，Pd/HAC 表现出最好的催化性能，产生 27.05 wt% 的液体产物（6.63 wt% 汽油；17.6 wt% 柴油）。通过将比表面积增加到 524.0 m ²  g ^-1和酸度增加到 20.37 mmol g ^-1，用 Pd 浸渍 HAC 增强了催化性能。