Onco-nephrology is a recent and evolving medical subspecialty devoted to the care of patients with kidney disease and unique kidney-related complications in the context of cancer and its treatments, recognizing that management of kidney disease as well as the cancer itself will improve survival and quality of life. While this area has received much attention in the adult medicine sphere, similar emphasis in the pediatric realm has not yet been realized. As in adults, kidney involvement in children with cancer extends beyond the time of initial diagnosis and treatment. Many interventions, such as chemotherapy, stem cell transplant, radiation, and nephrectomy, have long-term kidney effects, including the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with subsequent need for dialysis and/or kidney transplant. Thus, with the improved survival of children with malignancy comes the need for ongoing monitoring of kidney function and early mitigation of kidney-related comorbidities. In addition, children with kidney transplant are at higher risk of developing malignancies than their age-matched peers. Pediatric nephrologists thus need to be aware of issues related to cancer and its treatments as they impact their own patients. These facts emphasize the necessity of pediatric nephrologists and oncologists working closely together in managing these children and highlight the importance of bringing the onco-nephrology field to our growing list of pediatric nephrology subspecialties.

肿瘤肾病学是一门新兴且不断发展的医学亚专科，致力于在癌症及其治疗的背景下护理患有肾脏疾病和独特的肾脏相关并发症的患者，认识到肾脏疾病的管理以及癌症本身将提高生存率和生活质量。虽然这一领域在成人医学领域受到了广泛关注，但在儿科领域尚未实现类似的重视。与成人一样，癌症儿童的肾脏受累超出了初始诊断和治疗的时间。许多干预措施，如化疗、干细胞移植、放射和肾切除术，都会对肾脏产生长期影响，包括发展为慢性肾病 (CKD)，随后需要进行透析和/或肾移植。因此，随着恶性肿瘤儿童生存率的提高，需要持续监测肾功能和早期缓解与肾脏相关的合并症。此外，接受肾移植的儿童比同龄儿童患恶性肿瘤的风险更高。因此，儿科肾科医生需要了解与癌症及其治疗相关的问题，因为它们会影响自己的患者。这些事实强调了儿科肾病学家和肿瘤学家密切合作管理这些儿童的必要性，并强调了将肿瘤肾病学领域纳入我们不断增长的儿科肾病学亚专科名单的重要性。接受肾移植的儿童比同龄儿童患恶性肿瘤的风险更高。因此，儿科肾科医生需要了解与癌症及其治疗相关的问题，因为它们会影响自己的患者。这些事实强调了儿科肾病学家和肿瘤学家密切合作管理这些儿童的必要性，并强调了将肿瘤肾病学领域纳入我们不断增长的儿科肾病学亚专科名单的重要性。接受肾移植的儿童比同龄儿童患恶性肿瘤的风险更高。因此，儿科肾科医生需要了解与癌症及其治疗相关的问题，因为它们会影响自己的患者。这些事实强调了儿科肾病学家和肿瘤学家密切合作管理这些儿童的必要性，并强调了将肿瘤肾病学领域纳入我们不断增长的儿科肾病学亚专科名单的重要性。