ABSTRACT

Current research focused on local bio-waste paper egg trays for the extraction of nano cellulose via common chemical method followed by mechano-ball milling process. The characteristic features of extracted cellulose were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray diffraction (X-RD), elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and micro calorimeter. The optimized alkali-acid (NaOH(10%)-H₂SO₄(65%)) is the best percentage for the extraction of cellulose in a nano-form with almost no impurities as clearly described through SEM (~500 nm), FTIR further strengthens the O-H, C-H, C = O, C-O(acyl) and C-O (alkoxy) bond peaks at 3660–2900, 3472, 1656, 1315, and 1026 cm⁻¹, and XRD analysis showed the % crystallinity 88.2 and average grain size 4 nm. Furthermore, TGA and micro calorimeter analysis exhibited significant thermal performance (~19 wt.% @700°C) and flame retardancy (pHRR 132 kJ/g). EDX and elemental analysis further supported the extracted cellulose. Overall, this investigation provides an economic and easy way of producing nano-cellulose that can replace the commercial nano-cellulose as reinforcement for natural fiber composites.

摘要

目前的研究集中在当地的生物废纸蛋盘上，通过常见的化学方法和机械球磨工艺提取纳米纤维素。通过扫描电子显微镜结合能量色散X射线光谱（SEM-EDX）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、X射线衍射（X-RD）、元素分析、热重分析等分析提取纤维素的特征(TGA) 和微量热仪。优化的碱酸 (NaOH(10%)-H ₂ SO ₄ (65%)) 是提取纳米纤维素的最佳百分比，几乎没有杂质，如通过 SEM (~500 nm) 清楚描述的那样， FTIR 进一步增强了 3660–2900、3472、1656、1315 和 1026 cm 处的 OH、CH、C = O、CO（酰基）和 CO（烷氧基）键峰^-1，XRD 分析显示结晶度百分比为 88.2，平均晶粒尺寸为 4 nm。此外，TGA 和微量热仪分析显示出显着的热性能（~19 wt.% @700°C）和阻燃性（pHRR 132 kJ/g）。EDX 和元素分析进一步支持提取的纤维素。总的来说，这项研究提供了一种经济且简单的纳米纤维素生产方法，可以替代商业纳米纤维素作为天然纤维复合材料的增强剂。