Abstract

Abiotic–biotic interactions have shaped organic evolution since life first began. Abiotic factors influence growth, survival, and reproductive success, whereas biotic responses to abiotic factors have changed the physical environment (and indeed created new environments). This reciprocity is well illustrated by land plants who begin and end their existence in the same location while growing in size over the course of years or even millennia, during which environment factors change over many orders of magnitude. A biomechanical, ecological, and evolutionary perspective reveals that plants are (i) composed of materials (cells and tissues) that function as cellular solids (i.e. materials composed of one or more solid and fluid phases); (ii) that have evolved greater rigidity (as a consequence of chemical and structural changes in their solid phases); (iii) allowing for increases in body size and (iv) permitting acclimation to more physiologically and ecologically diverse and challenging habitats; which (v) have profoundly altered biotic as well as abiotic environmental factors (e.g. the creation of soils, carbon sequestration, and water cycles). A critical component of this evolutionary innovation is the extent to which mechanical perturbations have shaped plant form and function and how form and function have shaped ecological dynamics over the course of evolution.

中文翻译：

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环境-生物力学互惠和植物材料特性的演变

摘要

自生命开始以来，非生物 - 生物相互作用已经塑造了有机进化。非生物因素影响生长、生存和繁殖成功，而生物对非生物因素的反应改变了物理环境（实际上创造了新环境）。陆地植物很好地说明了这种互惠性，它们在同一地点开始和结束它们的存在，同时在数年甚至数千年的过程中不断增长，在此期间环境因素发生了许多数量级的变化。生物力学、生态学和进化论的观点表明，植物 (i) 由具有细胞固体功能的材料（细胞和组织）组成（即由一种或多种固相和流体相组成的材料）；(ii) 已进化出更大的刚性（由于其固相的化学和结构变化）；(iii) 允许增加体型和 (iv) 允许适应更具生理和生态多样性和挑战性的栖息地；其中 (v) 深刻改变了生物和非生物环境因素（例如土壤的形成、碳封存和水循环）。这种进化创新的一个关键组成部分是机械扰动在多大程度上塑造了植物的形态和功能，以及形态和功能如何在进化过程中塑造了生态动态。